祈使句(一定是动词原形开头的吗)
记录典型问题 分享教学方法
S: 学生 T: 老师
S: 老师,祈使句一定是动词原形开头的吗?是完整的句子吗?
T: 通常情况下,祈使句是省略主语的无主语句,典型特征就是动词原形打头,但下列情形的祈使句,要注意识别:
1.意义明确时,省略动词原形;
比如:(Come/Go )this way, please.
(Have)patience!
(Be)careful!
(Put)hands up!
(Run)quickly!
(Take)off your shoes.
注意这类不包含动词的祈使句,直接由名词或名词短语,形容词、副词等构成。
2.表否定的祈使句,以Don’t ,Never或 No打头, 比如:
Don’t give it up! (Don’t +V原形)
Never give it up!(Never+V原形)
No swimming! (No+Ving)
No photos! (No+n.)
No entry!(No+n.)
3.以副词打头的祈使句,比如:
I have never seen anyone run so fast— just watch David go.
Just a minute/second/moment!稍等!
Just think! 想想吧!
Just shut up!
Always lock your bicycle to somethingsecure!
First come in, then take a seat.
4.表强调的祈使句,以Do打头,比如:
Do be on time!
Do let me know!
Do tell him when you see him!
S: 老师,祈使句是动词原形打头,代表一般现在时,那可以与表将来的时间状语连用吗?
T: 当然可以!祈使句所表示的时间概念就是将来,故常与表将来时态的句子或时间状语连用。比如:
Come earlier tomorrow!
Be back in ten minutes!
Try again and you will succeed.
Work harder, or you will regret.
Give me a hand, will you?
Let us play out, will you?
(表请求,不包括听话者)
Let’s go, shall we?
(表建议,包括听话者)
注意:
1.祈使句的反意问句一般用“will you?”
2.“Let’s...”的反意问句用“shall we?”
S: 老师,祈使句的委婉表达方式,就是加一个please吧?
T: 祈使句的二种委婉表示法:
1.在加首或句尾加please;
2.在句尾加一个反意问句(如上所述)。
本节课教与学心得体会:
一个好的具有新意的问题,一定不拘泥于条条框框,一定产生于你付诸思考、不断追求进步的过程中。