中英翻译:学了这么多年英语 标点符号（你了解多少）

In this lesson, you can learn about English punctuation. You"ll see the most common punctuation marks in English, what they"re called, and how to use them.

在这节课上，你可以学习英语标点符号。你会看到英语中最常见的标点符号，它们叫什么，以及如何使用它们.

This lesson has many sections. If you want, you can just watch the sections you need.

这节课有许多部分。如果你愿意，你可以看你需要的部分。

Using punctuation correctly is critical for your English writing.

正确使用标点符号对你的英语写作至关重要。

Punctuation problems can make a bad impression or lead to misunderstandings. But first, let"s look at one of the most basic English punctuation marks.

标点问题会给人留下不好的印象或导致误解。但首先，让我们看看最基本的英语标点符号之一。

1. full stop 句号

A full stop is also called a period in American English. Use a full stop at the end of a full sentence.

句号在美式英语中也叫句号。在一个完整句子的结尾用句号。

A full sentence could be short and simple, like this: "I got there early. "

一个完整的句子可以简短明了，比如：“我很早就到了。”

A full sentence could also be longer and more complex.

完整的句子也可以更长更复杂.

2. Commas 逗号

Commas have three main jobs.Two of them are very simple.

逗号有三个主要功能，其中两个非常简单。

First, use a comma to separate items in a list, like this: "Their house has two bedrooms, a large living room, two bathrooms and a terrace. " After each item in your list, put a comma.

首先，用逗号分隔列表中的项目，比如：“他们的房子有两个卧室，一个大客厅，两个浴室和一个露台。”在列表中的每一项后面加一个逗号。

Use the word "and" between the last two items on your list: "To make this, you"ll need eggs, flour and sugar. "

在清单的最后两项之间用“and”这个词：“要做这个，你需要鸡蛋、面粉和糖。” You can choose to put a comma before "and" or not. Both styles are possible.

你可以选择在“and”之前加逗号，也可以不加逗号。两种款式都有可能.

You also need a comma with certain conjunctions, particularly "and", "but", "so" and "or".

你还需要一个逗号和某些连词，特别是“and”、“but”、“so”和“or”。

For example: "You can ask her, but I don"t think she"ll agree. " "I won"t be there till ten, so don"t wait for me.

例如：“你可以问她，但我认为她不会同意。”“我十点才到，所以不要等我。”

3.colon冒号：

Here, the sentence before the colon mentions a general idea—multiple problems—and the sentence after the colon explains what these problems are.

在这里，冒号前面的句子提到了一个关于多个问题的一般概念，冒号后面的句子解释了这些问题是什么。

This is very common with colons; you mention something general before the colon, then you explain it in more detail after the colon.

这在冒号中很常见；你在冒号前提到一般的东西，然后在冒号后再详细解释。

Let"s see two more examples of this: "I can promise you one thing: you won"t regret your decision. "

让我们再看两个这样的例子：“我可以向你保证一件事：你不会后悔你的决定。”

"He left all of his money to his best friend in the whole world: his cat. "

“他把所有的钱都留给了他全世界最好的朋友：他的猫.”

4.Semicolons分号：

Semicolons are most similar to a full stop. They"re used at the end of a full sentence. So, what"s the difference?

分号最类似于句号。它们用在整句话的结尾。那么，有什么区别?

Using a semicolon shows that your ideas before and after the semicolon are connected.

使用分号表示你的想法在分号前后是相互联系的。

For example: "He"s so stubborn; it"s impossible to convince him to change his ideas even a little. " 例如：“他太固执了；要说服他改变一点想法是不可能的.

Here, you have two sentences, but they"re both talking about the same idea: him and his stubborn character.

在这里，你有两句话，但他们都在谈论同一个想法：他和他固执的性格。

The semicolon emphasises that the ideas are connected.

分号强调前后思想是相互联系的.

5.apostrophes撇号

Like commas, apostrophes have more than one job, which can make them more difficult to use correctly.

与逗号一样，撇号有多个工作，这会使它们更难正确使用。

Firstly, use an apostrophe in contractions to replace a missing letter.

For example: "She doesn"t eat cheese. " "You"re right about that. "

首先，在缩略语中使用撇号来替换丢失的字母。例如：“她不吃奶酪。”“你说得对.”

You also use an apostrophe to show that something belongs to a person: "Why have you got Dean"s jacket? "

你还可以用撇号来表示某物属于某人：“你为什么有迪恩的夹克？”

You can even connect multiple nouns together like this: "Her mother"s cousin"s son won a Nobel Prize. "你甚至可以这样把多个名词连在一起：“她母亲的堂兄的儿子获得了诺贝尔奖。”

6.speech marks 引号：单引号 和双引号

You also use speech marks when you refer to words as words. What does that mean?

当你指的是一个单词时，会用引号。那是什么意思？

Look at two examples: "Millennium" is a difficult word to spell!

看两个例子：“千禧年”是一个很难拼写的词！

Why did you use "plethora" here? "

你为什么在这里用“过多”

Generally, we recommend using double speech marks to quote what someone said, and single speech marks for everything else.

For example: He stood up and said "I wouldn"t do it if you paid me a million dollars.”

一般来说，我们建议用双引号来引用某人所说的话，而用单引号来引用其他的事情。

例如：他站起来说：“如果你付我一百万，我就不干了。”

7.Hyphens 连字符

Hyphens are used to make compound words, especially compound adjectives. Compound words are words made of two or more other words.

连字符用来构成复合词，尤其是复合形容词。复合词是由两个或两个以上的词组成的词。

For example: "It"s a six-hour flight to Mumbai. "

例如：“到孟买要飞六个小时。”

The adjective "six-hour" is made from the two words "six" and "hour", and you use a hyphen to connect the two parts.

形容词“六小时”是由“六”和“小时”两个词组成的，你用连字符把这两个部分连起来。

Here"s another example: "It was surprisingly tasty for a five-dollar meal. "

另一个例子是：“一顿五美元的饭令人惊讶地美味。”

For example: "His ex-wife was promoted and is now his direct manager. "

例如：“他的前妻升职了，现在是他的直接经理。”

"Non-smokers generally need to pay much less for health insurance. "

非吸烟者通常需要少付很多医疗保险费。

"Self-driving cars may become popular one day, but for now the technology is too underdeveloped. "

自动驾驶汽车也许有一天会流行起来，但目前这项技术还太不发达。

For example: "three-quarters of the population" "twenty-three" "twenty-three" .

例如：“四分之三的人口”“二十三”“二十三”。

8.破折号

Dashes might look like hyphens, but they aren"t the same.

破折号可能看起来像连字符，但它们不一样。

So, what do you use dashes for? Dashes are used to add extra information to a sentence.

那么，你用破折号做什么？破折号用于在句子中添加额外的信息。

"Extra" information means that you could remove the information from the sentence and everything would still make sense.

“额外的”信息意味着你可以删除句子中的信息，所有的事情仍然有意义。

For example: "He had escaped—or so he thought. "

例如：“他逃跑了，大概他是这么想的。”

For example: "The number of stars in the Milky Way—including many which are undetectable—is estimated to be over 400 billion. "

例如：“银河系中包括许多无法探测到的恒星在内的恒星数量估计超过4000亿颗。”

Using dashes makes things clearer, because your reader doesn"t have to think about why the punctuation .

使用破折号可以让事情更清楚，因为你的读者不必考虑为什么要使用标点符号。

9.Exclamation marks感叹号

Exclamation marks add some emphasis or emotion to a sentence.

感叹号给句子增添了一些强调或情感。

For example: "It"s so cold in here! " "There"s a snake! "

例如：“这里太冷了！”有条蛇!”

Unless you"re writing something very informal, it"s generally good style to use exclamation marks minimally. Overusing them will make them meaningless.

除非你写的是非常非正式的东西，一般来说尽量少用感叹号是好的风格。过度使用它们会使它们毫无意义。

10.Question marks 问号

Question marks are simple to use; add them at the end of a direct question,

like this: "What time is it? " "How old are you?’

问号使用简单；在直接问题的末尾加上它们，像这样：“现在几点了？”你多大了？”

11)Parentheses括号

Parentheses can be used to add some extra, non-essential information to your sentence. Often, the information in parentheses is a date, a name or a statistic.

括号可以用来在句子中添加一些额外的、非必要的信息。通常，括号中的信息是日期、姓名或统计数据。

For example: he percentage of under-30s doing regular exercise was lower (45%) than that of people over 45 (52%). "

例如：30岁以下的人经常锻炼的比例（45%）低于45岁以上的人（52%）。

Using parentheses to add statistics and figures is an efficient method to add numbers and other supporting data to your writing.

使用括号来添加统计数据和数字是在写作中添加数字和其他支持数据的有效方法。

You can also use parentheses to show that your reader can choose how to understand what you"re saying. 你也可以用括号表示你的读者可以选择如何理解你说的话。

For example: "Write your suggestion(s) here. " By adding "s" in parentheses, you mean that you can write one suggestion, or more than one, as you prefer.

例如：“在这里写下你的建议。”在括号中加上“s”，意思就是你可以写一个或多个建议，你自己选择。