北师大版高中英语必修第三册U7L3 A（Musical Genius课文词汇语法）

一、重点词汇

1. genius ["dinis] n. 天才

Genius without education is like Silver in the Mine.

天才不受教育就像是埋在矿里的银子。

2. minor ["man] adj. (音乐)小调的；小的；不很重要的

It is in D minor. 那首是D小调的。

Minor accidents can shorten the life of a car.

小事故会缩短汽车寿命。

3. composer [km"pz] n. 作曲家

She is not only a singer but also a great composer herself.

她不只是一位歌手，而且还是一名优秀的作曲家呢。

4. piano [pi"n] n. 钢琴

I taught myself how to play the piano.

我自学弹钢琴。

5. struggle ["strɡl] n. 奋斗；vi. 奋斗，拼搏

It’s a constant struggle to try to keep them up to par.

要让他们达标，需要不断努力。

They struggled just to pay their bills.

他们辛苦所得仅敷日用。

6. proceed [pr"sid] vi. 继续；进行

Work is proceeding slowly.

工作进展缓慢。

7. note [nt] n. 单音，音调，音符

He played the first few notes of the tune.

他演奏了这支曲子开始的几个音。

8. score [sk] n. 乐谱；比分；成绩

He recognizes enough notation to be able to follow a score.

他认识足够多的音乐符号，能看懂乐谱。

The final score was 4-3. 最终的比分是4:3。

9. respond [r"spnd] vi. & vt. 回应，回复

She never responded to my letter.

她从来没给我回过信。

10. backstage [bk"sted] adj. 后台的；(在)幕后(的)

I got a backstage pass.

我得到了一张后台通行证。

11. tense [tens] adj. 紧张的；焦虑不安的

He’s a very tense person.

他是个神经非常紧张的人。

12. conductor [kn"dkt] n. 指挥

When you look for a good musical conductor, you start by looking for a good musician.

在寻找优秀的指挥的时候，您首先要找的是一名优秀的音乐演奏家。

13. hesitate /"heztet/ vi. 犹豫；踌躇

not hesitate to do sth 毫不犹豫做某事，尽管做某事

I didn’t hesitate for a moment about taking the job.

我毫不犹豫地接受了那份工作。

Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any queries.

如果有疑问就请尽管和我联系。

14. charge [tɑd] n. 主管；负责

take charge of 负责

Someone is put in charge of the work.

这项工作由专人负责。

Take charge of your own growth.

对你自己的成长负责！

15. joyous ["ds] adj. 欢乐的，令人愉快的

Let the joyous news be spread!

让欢乐的消息传开吧！

16. signal ["sɡnl] vt. 标志着；预示； n. 标识

The scandal surely signals the end of his political career.

毫无疑问，这桩丑闻预示他的政治生涯就此结束。

17. broad [brd] adj. 宽阔的；广博的

broad smile 满面的笑容

The countryside is veined by new broad highways.

乡村地区密布四通八达的宽阔的新公路。

A broad smile burst forth on his face.

他顿时笑容满面。

18. compose [km"pz] vt. 作(曲)；构成；写作

Mozart composed his last opera shortly before he died.

莫扎特在创作出他最后一部歌剧后不久便去世了。

Ten men compose the committee.

委员会由十人组成。

19. advertisement [d"v:tsmnt] n. 广告

Put an advertisement in the local paper to sell your car.

在当地报纸登一则广告来出售你的汽车。

20. youth [juθ] n. (青)少年

He had been a talented musician in his youth.

他年轻时很有音乐天才。

21. contest ["kntest] n. 比赛，竞赛

It was an uneven contest.

那是一场实力悬殊的比赛。

22. madam ["mdm] n. 女士；夫人

Can I help you, madam?

帮忙吗，夫人？

23. martial ["mɑl] adj. 军事的；战争的

All the men now face court martial.

现在所有这些军人都面临军事法庭的审判。

24. martial arts 武术

His films took martial arts to a whole new level.

他的电影将功夫提升到一个全新的高度。

25. documentary [dkjumentri] n. 纪录片

People get AIDS from each other, he explains in the documentary.

人们从别人那里感染艾滋病毒，他在纪录片中如此解释。

26. currently ["krntli] adv. 当前；现时

This matter is currently being discussed.

这个问题现正在讨论之中。

27. acceptable [k"septbl] adj. 可接受的

It is becoming more acceptable for women to drink.

女性饮酒越来越为人接受。

28. individual [nd"vdl] n. 个人，个体

The competition is open to both teams and individuals.

团队和个人均可参加比赛。

29. appreciate ["priiet] vt. 感激；欣赏

They have come to appreciate it.

他们已经开始在感激它了。

I appreciate your comment.

我欣赏你的意见。

30. faithfully ["feθfli] adv. 忠诚地，忠实地

He faithfully lived up to his promise.

他忠实地实践了他的诺言。

31. expressive [k"spresv] adj. 富于感情的；明确表露想法的

She has wonderfully expressive eyes.

她有一双极富表情的眼睛。

32. artistic [ɑ"tistik] adj. 美术的；艺术的

The writer has sold out his artistic standards and now just writes for a living.

这个作家已背弃了他原来的艺术标准，现在只是卖文为生。

33. extensively [k"stensvli] adv. 广泛地；大规模地；全面地

The mental health of humans in space has been extensively studied.

人类在太空的精神健康一直得到广泛的研究。

34. symbolism ["smblzm] n. 象征主义

The film was much praised at the time for its visual symbolism.

那部电影由于其视觉上的象征主义而在当时大受褒扬。

35. sculptor ["sklpt] n. 雕刻家

He can make a good sculptor.

他能成为一名优秀的雕刻家。

36. admiration [dm"ren] n. 敬佩；羡慕

I have great admiration for her as a writer.

我十分钦佩她这位作家。

37. best-selling [best"sel] adj. 畅销的

The News of the World is Britain’s best-selling Sunday newspaper.

《世界新闻报》是英国最畅销的星期日周报。

38. permission [p"mn] n. 允许；许可

No official permission has been given for the event to take place.

这项活动未得到正式批准，不能进行。

39. threatening ["θretn-] adj. (行为)带有威胁的

People who engage in threatening behaviour should expect to be arrested.

有威胁行为的人应该被逮捕。

40. messy ["mesi] adj. 脏的；凌乱的

The house was always messy.

这房子总是乱糟糟的。

41. punishable ["pnbl] adj. 可依法惩处的

Desertion was punishable by death.

擅离职守者可处死刑。

二、常用表达方式

1. …few might know how he created Symphony No. 9 in D minor and how its first show

went. ……或许很少有人知道D小调第九交响曲的创作过程以及这部交响曲首演的故事。minor adj. (音乐)小调的；较小的，较少的；不很重要的，次要的

n. 未成年人

a minor error/character 小错误/次要人物

Minor errors often cause some serious results. 小错误往往会导致一些严重的后果。

拓展：

minority n. 少数；少数民族

a minority of 少量的，少数的

the minority of ……中的少数

in the/a minority 占少数

Only a small minority of students are interested in the topic these days.

现在只有少数学生对这个话题感兴趣。

2. Inspired by his struggles with deafness, the composer produced some amazing pieces, including

nine symphonies, five piano pieces, and an opera! 这位作曲家在与耳聋抗争中受到启发，创

作了一些令人惊叹的作品，包括九部交响曲、五首钢琴曲和一部歌剧！

Inspired by是过去分词短语作状语，inspire与逻辑主语the composer之间是被动关系。

including…是介词短语作定语，修饰pieces。

struggle n. & v. 斗争；奋斗，拼搏；搏斗

struggle with/against 与……作斗争

He has been struggling against/with mental disease over the years.

多年来，他一直在与精神疾病作斗争。

struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来

struggle for 为……而斗争

struggle to do sth 努力做某事

When I turned round, I saw him struggling to his feet. 我转过身，看见他挣扎着站起来。

3. Writing the piece had taken several years, and now the final notes had been added to the score.

创作这部交响曲花了他几年的时间，现在乐谱中最后的音符终于写完了。

Writing the piece为动名词短语作主语。

note n. 音调，音符；笔记；便条；纸币；注解

take note of 注意到

People were beginning to take note of her talents as a performer.

人们开始注意到她的表演才能。

take/make notes 记笔记

Make notes of your discussion and share your answer with the class.

记录你们讨论的结果并与全班共享你们的答案。

compare notes with sb 与某人交换意见

After the performance, they compared notes with each other. 演出结束后，他们互相交换意见。

4. …tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time. ……努力

想象人们第一次听到它时会有什么反应。

1) respond v. 回应，回复；作出反应，响应

respond to … (with sth) (以……)对……作出回应/反应

How did they respond to the news? 他们对这个消息有什么反应？

respond that … 回答说……

The doctor responded that he could not tell the name of her disease.

医生回答说他不能说出她的病的名字。

n. response 回答，答复；反应，响应

in response to 作为对……的答复/反应

make a response to 对……作出回应/反应

To my disappointment, he made no response to my letter. 令我失望的是，他没有给我回信。

2) for the first time 首次，第一次

When he saw her for the first time, she was performing on the stage.

当他第一次见到她时，她正在舞台上表演。

all the time 一直，始终

at no time 决不

in no time 立刻，马上

from time to time 不时，有时，偶尔

in time 及时；总有一天

on time 按时

behind the times 过时的

5. The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the

stage for the first time in 12 years. 当这位著名作曲家12年来第一次走上舞台时，观众毫不犹豫地热烈鼓掌。

as the famous composer walked… 是as引导的时间状语从句，as意为“当……的时候”。

hesitate vi. 犹豫；踌躇

not hesitate to do sth. 毫不犹豫做某事，尽管做某事

Do not hesitate to tell us if you have a problem. 如果你有问题，请尽管告诉我们。

hesitate about/over 对……犹豫

Do you still hesitate about buying a car? 对于买车的事你还犹豫不决吗？

hesitate in doing… 犹豫做……

Don’t hesitate in killing him with your finger. 不要迟疑，用你的指尖捏死他。

without hesitation 毫不犹豫 (n. 犹豫)

6. The theatre’s musical director, Michael Umlauf, joined him and together the two men took

charge of the orchestra. 剧院的音乐指挥迈克尔奥姆洛夫也走上台和他一起指挥乐队。

charge /tɑd/ n. 主管；负责；费用，收费

take charge of 负责，掌管 （动词短语）

He is old, so his son will take charge of the farm. 他年纪大了，所以他的儿子将掌管农场。

in charge of 负责，掌握（介词短语）

Mr Wang will be in charge of the office while I am away.

我不在时，王先生将负责这个办公室。

in the charge of sb = in sb’s charge 由某人负责/掌管

The programme is in the charge of Mr Zhang. 这个项目由张先生负责。

free of charge 免费

The park is free of charge this month. 这个公园这个月是免费的。

7. At the final, joyous note signalled the end of the symphony … 最后，交响乐在欢快的音符中

结束……

signal vt. 标志着；预示； n. 标识；信号

signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事

He signalled to the children to come inside. 他示意叫孩子们进来。

signal for help 发信号求救

a signal of danger 危险的信号

receive signals/a signal 接收信号

8. It was not until Caroline Unger, one of the singers, took his arm and turned him to face the

audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success. 直到其中一位歌手卡洛琳

昂格尔拉着他的手臂让他转向观众，这位伟人才意识到他的交响乐取得了成功。

It was not until …that… 是强调句型，强调了not until 引导的时间状语从句。

his symphony was a success 是宾语从句，省略了引导词that。

强调句型结构：

It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分。

如果被强调部分指人，可用who代替that。该句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强

调谓语。

It was my grandpa that/who walked the dog in the street yesterday. (强调主语)

It was in the street that my grandpa walked the dog yesterday. (强调地点状语)

It was yesterday that my grandpa walked the dog in the street. (强调时间状语)

注意：

1) 强调句型中的it不能用其他词代替。

2) 用is还是was要根据原句的时态而定：属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用is；属

于过去时间范畴的所有时态用was。

判断句子是不是强调句型的方法：去掉it is/was和that/who，剩余句子若结构完整，句意

明确，则为强调句型，否则不是。

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star.

直到她摘下墨镜，我才意识到她是个电影明星。

9. “The audience was shocked as well,” she said with a broad smile. “观众也感到震惊，”她灿

烂地笑着说道。

broad adj. 宽阔的；广博的

满面的笑容 broad smile

Amy has a broad smile on her face. 艾米的脸上挂着灿烂的笑容。

broad shoulders 宽阔的肩膀

broaden v. （使）变宽

broaden one’s horizons 开阔视野

broad-minded adj. 心胸开阔的

10. The one person in the room who didn’t hear the symphony—and never would—was the very

man who composed it. 剧院里唯一没有听到并且永远也不会听到这部交响乐的那个人竟

然是它的创作者。

compose vt. 作(曲)；构成；写作

be composed of （整体）由……组成/构成

The patient’s diet is composed of vegetables and grain. 病人的饮食由蔬菜和谷物组成。

拓展：consist of/be made up of （整体）由……组成/构成

composer n. 创作者

composition n. 作品；作文；成分

11. Read the story again if needed. 如果需要，再读一遍故事。

句中if needed是条件状语从句，省略了it is。

状语从句的省略：当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语与主句主语一致（或从句主语是it），且从句谓语含有be动词时，为了简练，可以将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。

When (it is) necessary, you can look up the word in a dictionary.

必要时，你可以在字典里查这个词。

某些句式经过长期发展已成为固定搭配：

if possible 如果可能的话

if any 如果有的话

if ever 如果有过的话

if not 如果不的话

if necessary 如果有必要的话

12. 添加前后缀构词

一、名词后缀

表示“人”：-er/-or/-ist/-an/-ian，如：

designer 设计师；sailor 水手；specialist 专家；musician 音乐家

表示“女性， 雌性”：-ess，如：

actress 女演员；lioness 母狮子

表示“充满……的量”：-ful，如：

handful 一把；mouthful 一满口

表示“状态，结果”：-ment，如：

excitement 兴奋，刺激；achievement 成就

表示“状态， 性质”：-ness，如：

sickness 疾病；kindness 仁慈，好意

表示“状态，行为”：-tion/-ation/-sion，如：

production 生产； 制造； explanation 解释；说明；admission 允许进入；permission 许可，允许

二、形容词后缀

表示“可……的， 能……的”：-able，如：

acceptable 可接受的；movable 可移动的

表示“属于……的，具有……性质的”：-al，如：

cultural 文化的；magical 有魔力的

表示“由……制作的”：-en，如：

wooden 木制的；woolen 羊毛的

表示“充满……的”：-ful，如：

harmful 有害的；respectful 恭敬的

表示“没有……的”：-less，如：

useless 无用的；hopeless 绝望的

表示“有……性质的，有……倾向的”：-ive，如：

impressive 给人深刻印象的；protective 保护的

表示“有……性质的”：-ly，如：

friendly 友好的；likely 可能的

表示“有……特性的，充满……的”：-y，如：

dusty 积满灰尘的；wealthy 富有的

表示“具有……(特征) 的”：-ing，如：

burning 燃烧的；threatening 危险的；胁迫的

三、动词前后缀

en-，如：enrich 使丰富；enlarge 使扩大

-fy/-ify，如：simplify 简化；classify 将……分类

-en，如：shorten 缩短；widen 加宽

-ize/-ise，如：realize/realise 实现；apologise 道歉

13. For the past few months, we have been interviewing and filming young players about their

interest in basketball. 在过去的几个月里，我们一直在做关于年轻球员对篮球兴趣的采访，

并拍摄下来。

have been doing 现在完成进行时，表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚

刚结束，也可能还要继续下去。如：

I have been learning swimming for a few months. 过去几个月，我一直在学游泳。

14. I wonder if you could also give me more information about how to apply to be part of this

festival. 我还想知道您能不能给我提供更多关于如何申请参加艺术节的信息。

if引导宾语从句；how to apply to …是“疑问词+to do”结构，作介词about的宾语。

1) I wonder if 不知是否可以……；我想知道是否…… (if引导宾语从句)

例句：I wonder if I can do the same thing for my students.

不知道我能不能为我的学生做同样的事情。

2) apply to 申请，提出请求

We’ve applied to the committee for approval. 我们已经向委员会提出申请。

apply to do sth 申请做某事

15. I appreciate your help and look forward to hearing from you. 我很感激您的帮助，并期待着

您的来信。

appreciate vt. 感激；欣赏

appreciate 常接“事”作宾语；

thank 常接“人”作宾语。

We appreciate your comprehension of the problem. 我们欣赏你对这个问题的理解。

You should thank him for this. 这件事情你应该感谢他。

appreciate sb doing sth 感激某人做某事

We would appreciate you letting us know of any problems.

如果有任何问题，请告诉我们，我们将不胜感激。

I would appreciate it if…如果……我将不胜感激 (it指代if从句的内容)

I would appreciate it if you could give some instructions on how to learn chemistry.

如果你能就如何学习化学给出一些指导，我将不胜感激。

16. …but he was also able to master a variety of painting styles, ranging from detailed portraits to

expressive landscapes. ……但是他也能够掌握多种绘画风格，从细致的肖像画到富有感情

的风景画。

expressive adv. 富于感情的；明确表露想法的

She has wonderfully expressive eyes. 她有一双善于表达的眼睛。

vt. express 表达

n. expression 表示，表达，表露；表情，神色

express one’s opinions 表达某人的观点

express oneself 表达自己（的想法/感情）

I still have trouble expressing myself. 我仍然难以表达自己。

beyond expression 无法形容，表达不出

give expression to sth 表达……

You should give expression to your feelings in your speech. 你应该在讲话中表达你的感情。

17. The two artists had more in common than mutual admiration. 这两位艺术家除了相互欣赏外，

还有很多共同点。

admiration n. 敬佩；羡慕

have admiration for 对……表示钦佩

in/with admiration 钦佩地

I have admiration for his courage. 我对他的勇气十分钦佩。

All the children watched the pianist in admiration. 所有的孩子都敬佩地看着钢琴师。

18. Some think it is a crime if done without a property owner’s permission… 有些人认为如果未

经主人的允许就这样做，等同于犯罪……

permission n. 允许；许可

without permission 未经允许

No students shall touch the pattern without permission. 未经允许，学生不得触摸图案。

give permission 批准

ask (for) permission 请求许可

permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事

19. New Yorkers used to see the graffiti on the walls of poor neighbourhoods and subway trains as

something threatening… 纽约人过去把在贫困社区围墙和地铁车厢上的涂鸦看作是一种

威胁……

threatening adj. (行为)带有威胁的

threatening behavior 威胁行为

He received a threatening letter demanding $1,000,000. 他收到一封要一百万美元的恐吓信。

拓展：threaten v. 威胁，恐吓

threaten to do sth 扬言/威胁要做某事

The constructor threatened to stop the roadworks if the money wasn’t paid off.

承建商威胁说，如果钱不还清，就停止道路施工。

threat n. [C, U] 威胁，恐吓

a threat to… 对……的威胁

make threats against sb 对某人进行威胁

under threat from 受到……的威胁

20. The messy names and slogans were seen as ugly and rough… 凌乱的名字和标语被看作是

丑陋和暴力……

messy adj. 脏的；凌乱的

You can’t imagine how messy his room is.你无法想象他的房间有多乱。

n. mess 杂乱，混乱；麻烦，困境

in a mess 乱七八糟

What a mess! 真乱！

The room is in a mess. 房间里乱七八糟。

21. In addition, would it be possible to tell me about the prizes? 另外，可以告诉我关于奖项的情

况吗？

in addition 除此之外，另外

in addition相当于副词，单独作状语。可用于句首、句中或句末，用于句首或句中时，

常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。

in addition to 除……之外（还），是短语介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。

The products are of high quality. In addition, the price is low.

这些产品质量好。此外，价格很低。

In addition to swimming, she likes playing the guitar. 除了游泳，她还喜欢弹吉他。

22. It is believed that graffiti in its modern form first became popular in the United States in the

1960s. 人们认为现代形式的涂鸦是二十世纪六十年代在美国流行起来的。

It is believed that … 人们相信……，是“It +be + 过去分词 +that…，据……；人们……”

句式。其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that 从句。该句式可以转换为：

Sb/Sth +be + 过去分词 +不定式

People +动词 +that…

It is said that they have won the game. 据说他们赢得了比赛。

→They are said to have won the game.

→People say that they have won the game.

识记：

It is agreed that… 人们认为……

It is argued that… 人们主张……

It is announced that… 据宣布……

It is hoped that… 人们希望……

It is reported that… 据报道…