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彻底搞懂中考语法之句法概述(看这一篇就够了)

句子大全 2023-05-07 03:25:01
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中考英语语法概述(全图)

一、 词法概述

二、 句子成分

A. 主语例句

1. The sun/It rises in the east.(名词/代词)

2. Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)

3. Staying up late is bad for your health. (动名词)

4. It’s important for you to learn to swim.

(动词不定式作主语,常用it作形式主语)

B. 谓语例句

例句1-2为简单谓语,谓语由动词或动词词组充当。

1. I saw the flag on the top of the hill.(动词)

2. He looked after two orphans.(动词词组)

例句3-4为复合谓语,谓语由助动词或情态动词+实意动词充当。

3. He can speak English well.(情态动词+动词)

4. She doesn’t want to go dancing.(助动词+动词)

C. 宾语例句

例句1-4为动词宾语

1. I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词)

2. I enjoy working with you. (动名词)

3. I hope to see you again. (不定式)

4. Can you remember what I said? (宾语从句)

例句5-6为介词宾语

5. The girl is afraid of dogs. 6. There is a ball under the chair.

例句7为双宾语

7. He gave me a gift.

D. 表语例句

1. He is a teacher. (名词)

2. School is over. (副词)

3. The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)

4. My plan is to go camping with my friends. (不定式)

5. He looks very handsome. (系表结构)

E. 定语例句

修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

1. Michel is my math teacher. (名词)

2. He is our friend. (代词)

3. We belong to the third world. (数词)

4. The man over there is my old friend.(副词)

5. You a kind girl. (形容词)

6. The girl in black is my sister. (介词短语)

F. 状语例句

1. I will go there tomorrow. (时间副词)

2. The meeting will be held in the meeting-room.(地点副词)

3. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. (原因副词)

4. He studies hard to learn English well.(不定式表目的)

5. Please call me as soon as he comes back home.(状语从句)

G. 宾补例句

1. We elected him monitor. (名词)

2. We will make them happy. (形容词)

3. We found nobody in. ( 介词 )

4. His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)

5. Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)

6. I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)

三、 简单句结构

(1)主+谓(不及物动词 ) (丁克家庭)

He comes. I arrived.

(2) 主+谓+宾 (三口之家)

I like China. He needs a family.

(3) 主+谓+宾+宾 (四口之家)

He gave me a gift. I show the book to her.

(4) 主+谓+宾+宾补 (三口之家+保姆)

We made every child happy.

The students elected him monitor.

(5) 主+系+表 (丁克家庭,女人+狗)

He is a student.

I felt very tired.

四、 句子结构分类

A. 简单句

简单句就是只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子或分句。在简单句中,主语和谓语是句子的主干,是句子的核心。

B. 并列句

并列句是由并列连词and,but,or,for,so等把两个或两个以上互不依从,但意思紧密联系的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。 其结构为:简单句+并列连词+简单句。

C. 复合句

复合句都是主从复合句,是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。

主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常

由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。

联想:如果把简单句看成一个基本家庭单位,有爸有妈有孩子,

那么并列句就是两个或多个没有血缘、独立家庭的关系,或友好,或对立;

那么复合句就是两个或多个有着血缘关系、原生家庭和新生家庭之间的关系。

五、 句子按功能分类

根据句子的不同句法功能,可把句子分为四种类型:

(1)陈述句:分为肯定句和否定句。

This is my book . I won’t go dancing this evening.

(2) 疑问句:分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句。

Is this your book? Why won’t you go dancing this evening?

(3) 祈使句:分为肯定和否定。

Stop chatting. No smoking. Don’t smoking.

(4) 感叹句:分为what / how 引导两种。

What a lovely girl she is! How lovely the girl is!

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