英语重点语法三大从句总结 完形填空高分技巧（初中生人手一份）

在初中英语中，主要有三大从句，即宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句（包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。

老师今天跟大家分享的就是这三个从句的主要语法点，赶快看起来吧！

1宾语从句

一、定义

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

二、连接词

that: I think that you can pass the exam.

Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.

“Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.

I don’t know where he found the book.

只用whether的情况：

1. 与or not连用：

I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.

2. 与动词不定式连用：

He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.

3. 连接词前有介词时：

It depends on whether he is coming.

三、时态

1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)

She wants to know what he has done for the exam.

2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。

1）She said that she was a student.

2）She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.

3）She said that she had finished her homework already.

3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

2定语从句

一、定义

在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。

二、先行词

先行词指人 who /that

先行词指物 which/ that

定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后

三、关系代词

关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词

四、翻译方法 “…. 的”

Whom: 先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语（包括介词的宾语）, 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom

1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.

2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.

Whose :指人或物，作定语，表示 “…的”

eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.

关系代词只能 that 的特殊情况：

1.先行词前有序数词修饰时：

This is the first gift that my parents bought me.

2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时：

This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.

3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时.

e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop

4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that.

e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.

5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是，正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用that

e.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.

6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头，只能用that引导.

Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?

当关系代词前使用介词时：物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词 + whom

当关系代词前使用介词时：

e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.

2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.

3状语从句

一、定义

在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。

二、状语从句一般分为八大类

时间状语从句 地点状语从句

原因状语从句 目的状语从句

结果状语从句 条件状语从句

方式状语从句 让步状语从句

1. 时间状语从句

When ---当……时候,通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。

When I opened the window, I saw him come up.

When --- 正在……的时候，突然…。通常主句是进行时或 be about to 时，在翻译的时候，when 可以译成没想到或突然。

I was walking along the street , when I met him.

When 当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。

Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.

When=after

When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.

While ---在……期间，往往指一段时间。

While we were inAmerica, we saw him twice.

While ---表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。

We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.

As --- 一边……一边, 随着

She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.

As --- 当……时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。

As I was going out, it began to rain.

The moment --- 一……就…… =as soon as , immediately,

---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?

---Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.

Not… until --- 直到……才

He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work.

Before ---在……之前

The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.

After ---在…… 之后

The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.

Since ---自从……, 通常主句用现在完成时

I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.

It is just a week since we arrived here.

As soon as --- 一……就……

Jack went to school as soon as he got well.

No sooner than ---一……就……

no sooner… than… 用于句首要求倒装

Hardly …when…

Scarcely …when…

No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.

Once --- 一但……就……

Once you see him, you will never forget him.

Every time, each time 每次whenever 每当

Each time he came to town, he would visit our school.

2. 条件状语从句

引导状语从句的连接词有：

If如果, unless除非, as long as只要, As (so) far as --- 据……所知，in case万一, provided that假如, on condition that若是，以…为条件

If ---如果

If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane.

Unless --- 如果不, 除非=if not

We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight

As long as --- 只要

We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.

As (so) far as --- 据……所知

As far as I know, he speaks English very well.

In case --- 假使, 如果

The plane cannot take off in case it rains.

Provided that 如果,有时省略 that

The plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.

On condition that --- 条件是…

He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.

注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时。

If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport.

3. 地点状语从句

地点状语从句只有两个连词: Where, wherever

Where --- 在……地方

Where there is a will, there is a way.

Wherever --- 无论哪里

Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.

4. 原因状语从句

because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱.

Because --- 因为,通常从句放在主句后.

Mr Smith was very upset because he couldn’t find his luggage.

As --- 因为, 通常放在句首

As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.

Since ---既然 因语气较弱, 常译为既然(众所周知的原因)

Since everybody has come, we can set off.

Now that --- 既然

Now that you are here, you can join us.

considering that --- 顾及到

Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.

seeing that --- 由于

Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.

5. 结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so that, so…that…

such…that So… that --- 太……以至于so 后面应用形容词或副词, 有时省略so只用that

Boeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb喷气炸弹.

So that --- 因而，以便，为了 有时so 可以省去

Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.

Such …that… ---太……以至于用法与so…that相同，但such 后面应用名词。

The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.

6. 目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句的主要连词有: that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest

(So) that --- 以便,从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等

Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.

in order that --- 为了, 与so that 相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等

School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.

for fear that --- 生怕; 为了防止(某事发生)

He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.

in case --- 万一

You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.

Lest --- 以防万一

The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.

7. 让步状语从句

引导让步状语从句的连词有：Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether.

Although, though ---虽然although 和though 可以互换，但although 常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。

Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off.

Though he did his best, he didn’t succeed.

As --- 尽管as 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与though 互换。

Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.

Even if /even though ---即使

Even if you don’t like your boss, you should do your work.

However --- 不论，however 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装

He couldn’t get there on time however fast he drove.

No matter (what, when, where, how) ---无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）

He wouldn’t forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.

Whatever --- 不管

Whatever other people may say, she won’t change her mind.

While ---尽管

While I have sympathy for you, I can’t help you.

Whether ---不管，常与or not 连用

Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.

8. 方式状语从句

方式状语从句常由: as, as if, as though

as ---与…… 一样

Do in Rome as the Romans do.

as if, as though --- 仿佛, 由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气

She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.

完形填空高分技巧

一、完形填空的做题误区

很多学生说，他们做完形填空时，往往采用“翻译法和代入法”，即做题时翻译文章内容，感觉哪个合适选哪个，看看划横线处有没有一些固定搭配，然后作选择或者填空。

其实这样做是很危险的：

① 在实际考试中，翻译很容易受母语影响，进行错误选择；

② 并不是所谓固定搭配一定是正确选项，完形填空是考查单词在语境中的运用。如果这个搭配或短语是不符合语篇、段落逻辑的，即便是固定说法，也是不合适的，在阅卷的时候这样的答案一定是错误的。

二、考查重点及解题思路

纵观这几年中考真题、一模、二模试卷，以及一些学校的月考、期中、期末试卷发现，完形填空重点考查单词，短语在句子、段落、篇章中的含义，而并非单词本身的“认知”含义。

这就为什么一些同学其实单词量并不缺乏，但完形却得分率不高的原因。

完形填空非常强调逻辑对应，请大家注意以下几点：

1.首句重点读

首句很多情况是topic sentence（主题句），告诉你文章的背景和主旨。首句一般不设空，如果首句设空，请重点读后面的例子，例子里面会提供线索。现在很多考题都是用后面的例子印证首句。

【例】These days, it is ______ for children as young as Sammy to be so good at computers. Many Children use computers at home or at school and some schools even have their own websites.

A. hard B. unusual

C. common D. dangerous

【解析】如果教师或者学生去分析这四个词用法，那就和这道考题背道而驰了，首句设空，我们重点读后面的那句话“很多孩子在家里，学校使用电脑，甚至一些学校有他们自己的网站”，说明对电脑的使用是持肯定意见的，选项Ｃ为正确答案， A、B 、D 都为否定意见，故不选。

2.重点关注例子与例子之间的关系

几个例子联合起来都是去证明本文中心的，但例子与例子有时候会有正反对比或者是平行关系。

【例】If the test taker answers _____, the next item will be more difficult. If he or she answers incorrectly, the next question will be easier.

A. briefly B. smartly

C. correctly D. thoroughly

【解析】“ more difficult”与后面“easier”形成对比，“incorrectly” 对应的显然是”correctly”。

3.选词请重视“具体表达”、“最佳适用原则”

我曾经给学生举过这个例子，如果这样出题。

这位男士很_____， 每次和女生一起出去逛街的时候都会为女生拉开商场大门，直到身边所有的女生都通过。假设选项如下：

A.good，B.nice，C.gentle，D.handsome

你会如何选？

很多学生会选good， 觉得good是万能用词 ，什么都可以说好， 但这里错了，完形填空一定要基于语境，选择一个最适合，最具体，不是最宽泛的词语。因而C.gentle（很绅士）便是最佳答案。

4.选词之场景原则

【例】Sammy Liu, a six-year-old boy from Kowloon, has become a hero recently . One day he used the family"s_____ to stop a robbery.

A. radio B. computer

C. recorder D. telephone

【解析】后文都在说关于电脑使用，这里选择A、C、D显然不合适，文章里根本就没有提到收音机，录音机和电话， 虽然电话也能用来报警，但是一定要基于原文的场景。

5.平行原则的运用

完形填空文章很多时候是围绕一个话题展开，每个段落有的时候发展模式都是差不多的，前面提到如果首句设空，除了关注到后面的例子，还不妨可以关注下一段首句或者再下下段首句。类似的如果某段末句设空不妨也可以关注一下下面一段的末句。

例如有一篇文章是讨论积极态度给生活、工作、健康带来的好处，其中第二段末句这么写：With an active _______, you can overcome all the difficulties. 需要我们填空。在第三段末句出现了with an active attitude, you can be healthy. 如果学生在阅读的时候关注到这句，使用了“平行原则”，自然就能填出attitude 。

三、完形填空答题四遍法

正确的答题步骤应分四步：

1. 首先跳过空格，快速通读全文，了解短文大意及体裁，同时将一眼就看出几道题能直接做出答案；

2. 第二遍是答题的关键，应一个个地去推敲空，切忌按题号顺序答题，不能确定的先跳过去，先易后难是答题原则；

3. 第三遍是通篇考虑，把一些上下文联系很强，甚至牵涉到段与段之间逻辑关系的困难空缺填好；

4. 第四遍是检查，做完后再通读一遍全文，从整体把握文章的意思，修正与全文不相称的选项。