高考英语 “语法填空”（解读及备考策略）

高考英语“语法填空”解读及备考策略，2021考生必看！

一、解题技法

技法1 明确填冠词的2种情况

锁定"+（形容词+）名词"模式，当"（形容词+）名词"前缺少限定词时, 要考虑填冠词:

情况1：使用定冠词的情况——特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级。

情况2：使用不定冠词的情况——泛指一类人或物，与one同义表数量，只知有一不知谁，词首字母读元音，冠词就要用an, 其他一律用小a。

技法2 明确填介词的3种情况

情况1：锁定"+名词/动名词"模式，且名词或动名词不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语，此时要考虑填介词。

情况2：锁定"谓语动词+"模式，大多数情况下需要填介词。

情况3：锁定"to and from work""next week"等介词固定搭配模式。固定搭配要熟记。介词in, with, by在语法填空题中的考查频率很高，考生也极易混淆。考生可以这样记它们的区别："工具"不同，介词则异。具体用法如下：in+材料；with+具体的工具；by+交通工具。

技法3 明确填连接词的5种情况

锁定"句子++句子"模式（关键在于找谓语）：

情况1：前后句子是并列关系，则为并列句，根据前后句的句意和句子之间的逻辑关系，确定填and, but, while, when, or等。注意，若前后两部分是对等的两个成分，也用并列连词。

情况2：如果空格处所填词引导的从句与空前部分为修饰与被修饰的关系，则该从句一般为定语从句。此时考生可根据定语从句的关系词在从句中所作的成分及先行词的特征来确定从句的关系词（先行词为表示抽象意义的地点名词时，关系词用where）。如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，用关系代词；如果从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，关系词作状语，则用关系副词。此外，还要注意定语从句中的主谓一致问题。

情况3：如果空格处所填词引导的从句在整个句子中起名词的作用（作主语、宾语、表语或同位语），则该从句一般为名词性从句。此时考生可根据连接词在名词性从句中所作的成分来确定从句的连接词。如果连接词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或补语，则用连接代词；如果作状语，则用连接副词；若不作成分，则考虑用that,whether或if。

情况4：如果空格处所填词引导的从句起副词的作用，则该从句一般为状语从句。此时考生要根据句意以及连接词在从句中所作的成分来确定合适的连接词（常考的有before, after, when, since, until, while等）。

情况5：注意特殊结构：It is...that...强调结构。

技法4 明确纯空格的其他3种情况

情况1：当句子缺主语或宾语时, 可以考虑填代词。要根据语境, 看空格处指人还是指物, 指男性还是指女性, 是单数还是复数。为了避免重复, it, one(s), that, those都可以用来替代上文中出现的名词, 但要注意它们的不同用法。it可以用来代替不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。还要注意不定代词one, both, neither, all, none, another等的用法。

情况2：在无提示词的情况下，如果设空在两句话之间,要考虑上下文之间的关系，根据情况填besides,however，therefore，thus等表示逻辑关系的副词或填连词。

情况3：固定句型中的副词，如so...that...中的so。

技法5 明确提示词是名词的3种情况

情况1：遵循"意义先行，结构跟上"的原则，根据空处的意义并结合句子结构判断是否用名词，如果空处作句子的主语或宾语，或空前有形容词、冠词、形容词性物主代词或介词则考虑用名词形式。注意一些介词加名词构成的短语，根据句意和搭配填名词。如：by accident(偶然)；with patience(耐心地)等。

确定填名词后，如果提示词是可数名词，要注意是否需要填其复数形式：

①空前有a few, few, several, many, a great/good many, hundreds/thousands/dozens/...of，one of，a number of等词或短语，则该空常填可数名词的复数形式。

②若句中的谓语动词是复数形式，则作主语的可数名词一般用复数形式。

③若可数名词无限定词修饰，则该名词常用复数形式。

④掌握名词变复数时规则变化和不规则变化的具体规则，确保拼写正确。

情况2：词性转换。空格处作表语、定语或宾语补足语，考虑填所给词的形容词形式。空格处作谓语或非谓语，考虑填所给词的动词形式。

情况3：分析句意，看是否需要用名词所有格。

技法6 明确提示词为动词的3种情况

情况1：若句中没有谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所需词与之是并列关系，空处就用谓语动词。若填谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致问题。时态主要根据上下文把握；语态主要看主语是动作的执行者还是承受者。考生应牢记：

做"时态"题看"时间"（注意语境中暗含的时间状语），做"语态"题看"主语"（看主语是否为动作的执行者）。此外，还要确保所填动词的形式正确，特别要注意时态变化时动词的拼写以及一些特殊句型中动词的时态。

情况2：若句中已有谓语动词，且不存在并列谓语，则空处很可能填非谓语动词。若填非谓语动词，就要确定是用动词-ing形式,动词-ed形式，还是用动词不定式。此外，还要注意英语中一些固定句型中的非谓语动词形式，这也是高考的难点。

情况3：词性转换。如果既不是谓语动词，也不是非谓语动词，则考虑词性转换，将动词转换为名词或形容词，根据句式结构以及空格处所缺成分做进一步分析。

技法7 明确提示词是形容词、副词的4种情况

提示词为形容词：

情况1：若设空在形容词之前，要考虑用副词修饰形容词表示程度，如completely wrong（完全错了）；若设空在动词（短语）之前或之后，要考虑用副词修饰动词（短语），如carefully do sth.或者do sth.carefully；若设空在一个句子的前面，则要考虑用副词修饰整个句子。

情况2：考虑比较等级。句中无比较意义用原级；在比较结构(not) so/as...as...中用原级；句中有than引出比较对象时用比较级；语境中暗含比较意义时用比较级；空前有修饰词much,even,far，a little,a bit等用比较级。此外，还应注意固定结构中比较级的用法；注意介词of/in/among引出的比较范围；表示三者或三者以上的比较，用最高级；否定句中可用比较级表达最高级含义。

情况3：如果空格处既不填副词，也不填比较等级，当空格处缺主语或宾语时，考虑将形容词转换为名词；否则，考虑加表示否定的词缀un-, im-, -less等。提示词是副词：一般考虑比较等级。

技法8 明确提示词是代词(多为主格)的3种情况

提示词为代词时，要根据语境, 看空格处指人还是指物, 指男性还是指女性, 是单数还是复数。锁定以下模式：

情况1：介词/动词+代词的宾格/反身代词

情况2：名词性物主代词作主语、宾语或表语

情况3：形容词性物主代词+adj.+名词如果是物主代词(表示某人的), 作主语、宾语或表语应用名词性物主代词；在名词前作定语只能用形容词性物主代词；反身代词反指谁,它通常作主语或宾语的同位语,这时人称上应与主语或宾语保持一致；反身代词也可作某些动词或介词的宾语, 这时人称上应与主语保持一致。

二、备考策略

1\知识储备

若各位考生要拿下语法填空的 15 分，需在平时的训练中注意：

1. 熟练掌握词汇

考生在日常词汇学习过程中要做到熟练掌握单词词形变化，并做到能在语境中正确使用各种词形。

2. 夯实语法基础

在英语学习中，单词是砖瓦，语法则为架构。考生在日常学习中应该吃透语法点，夯实语法基础，突破各种易混易错点。

3. 剖析句子结构

在日常学习中考生需要练就分析、剖析句子结构的能力，层层剥开，判断清楚。

2\解题策略

下面小编将给出例题，进一步解读语法填空题具体考点的涉及情况。

1. 对实词的考查（有提示词）

语篇填空题对实词的考查主要从以下几个方面入手：

① 对动词的考查。

语法填空题对动词的考查是重点。通常考查其时态语态、主谓一致，以及非谓语动词等形式。其中非谓语动词是考查重点和难点。需要考生具备分析句子结构的能力，熟练掌握非谓语动词相关知识点。

例1. You don t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running. （摘自 2018 年高考全国 I 卷语法填空）

【答案】62. to see。63. dying。

【解析】 62 题考查不定式做目的状语。63 题考查动名词作宾语。

② 对名词的考查。

对名词的考查包括名词的数，名词的所有格，名词与动词、形容词等词之间的转换等。历年真题中对名词的数和词形变化考查较多，故需要考生熟练掌握词形转化。

例2. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which / that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).（摘自2018年高考全国I卷语法填空）

【答案】67. causes。

【解析】67 题考查名词的数。根据前面的 all 可知此处应该用复数。

③ 对形容词和副词的考查。

形容词或副词的考点是语法填空必考点，通常考查其比较级或最高级，形容词转换为副词，名词或动词转换为形容词等。

例3. According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners.（摘自 2018 年高考全国 I 卷语法填空）

例4. Running is cheap, easy and it s always 69 (energy). （摘自2018年高考全国I卷语法填空）

【答案】61. longer。69. energetic

【解析】61 题考查副词比较级。根据空格后的than可知，此处应填副词 long 的比较级。69 题考查形容词。本句是“主系表”结构，故此处应用形容词作表语，需要将名词转化为形容词。

④ 对代词的考查。

代词通常考查代词的人称和数、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词等。不定代词通常不给出提示词，需要考生理解句意后填出答案。

例5. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.（摘自 2018 年高考全国I卷语法填空）

【答案】70. it。

【解析】70 题考查代词。give it / sth a try 是固定短语。

⑤ 对数词的考查。

数词的考查会涉及序数词、基数词或分数词等的正确形式。近三年真题中没有针对数词的考查，但考生在备考中也需注意练习。

2. 对虚词的考查（无提示词）

语篇填空题对虚词的考查主要从以下几个方面入手：

① 对并列连词和复合句的引导词的考查。

并列连词和复合句引导词是语法填空无提示词考查的必考点。要求考生 能够读懂上下文，准确把握上下文逻辑关系；② 熟悉三大从句，能够准确分析句间结构。分析近几年真题可知，定语从句引导词是考查的重中之重。

例6. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes . （摘自2018年高考全国I卷语法填空）

【答案】66. that / which。

【解析】66 题考查定语从句。所填词引导定语从句，修饰先行词 study，且所填关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词 that / which。

② 对介词及其固定搭配的考查。

介词的考查主要集中在对常用介词或者介词短语的考查（包括动词短语中的介词）。

例7. I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas I d been observing.（摘自 2018 年高考全国 III 卷语法填空）

【答案】67. for。

【解析】67 题考查动词短语中的介词。search for 意为“搜寻”。

③ 对冠词的考查。

冠词也是语篇填空不容忽视的考点之一。通常考查不定冠词（a / an），定冠词（the）的用法和区别。其中定冠词的考查多为固定搭配中的冠词，需要考生在日常学习中多积累。

例8. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.（摘自 2018 年高考全国 II 卷语法填空）

【答案】62. the。

【解析】本题考查定冠词。over the past... 为固定搭配。

三、真题演练

【2019全国卷I】

The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 （poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000–25,000 polar bears worldwide.

Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating（聚集）around human settlements, leading to the illusion（错觉）that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

【答案】

61. that 62. poorly 63. of/for 64. to perform 65. have reported 66. belief 67. noting 68. higher 69. the 70. are

【考查知识点】

涵盖了连词、副词、冠词、形容词、代词、名词、介词、非谓语，特别是突出考查了谓语动词。

【2018·全国I】

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don t have to run fast or for long 62 (see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running. While running regularly can t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).

The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it s always 69 (energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.

61. longer 62. to see 63. dying 64. is 65. than 66. that/which 67.causes 68. strengthen 69. energetic 70. it /running

涵盖了名词复数、非谓语、定语从句、比较级，突出考查了比较级和非谓语等。

【2017全国卷I】

There has been a recent trend in the food service industry towards lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.

61. as 62. effects 63. to process 64.are removed 65.a 66. worse 67. is 68. eating 69. careful 70. which

涵盖了介词、冠词、形容词、名词复数、比较级、非谓语、被动语态、定语从句等。

【2016 全国新课标I】

Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract).

So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I 62 （allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 69 ( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 70 other is with mum-she never suspects.

61.attraction 62.was allowed 63.officially 64. to 65. when 66. permitted 67. introducing 68. its 69. days 70. the

涵盖了副词、冠词、名词复数、代词、非谓语、定语从句、固定短语等。

通过近几年高考英语语篇填空总结，我们不难发现该题型对语法知识的考查不仅全面，还注重考查学生综合语言运用技能。要求学生在大量阅读输入的基础上，能实现对正确答案的本能反应。

学习中要多读多练，在阅读中熟悉并掌握基础语法、构词法等知识，在语境中加强精细阅读能力和语言知识运用能力的培养。