不定式：与介词的搭配（及容易犯错的句子）
1 不定式与介词的搭配
不定式作表示地点、场所的关系代词时，要加上相符的介词。不定式含有介词的固定短语时，介词不能更换。有时不定式作为修饰语与被修饰时，在意思和结构上不完整，要加上介词才完整。1-1 不定式作表示地点、场所的关系代词时，要注意加上与地点、场所相符的介词。
We are looking for a big room to live in. 我们正在寻找一间大房子居住。
This is the right place for you to put the thingsat. 这是放这些东西的合适地方。
1-2 不定式是含有介词的固定短语，介词不能更换。
That"s the man for you to take care of. 那是你要照顾的人。
He has a math problem to work on. 他有一道数学题要演算。
1-3 有时不定式作为修饰语与被修饰时，在意思和结构上不完整，要加上介词才完整。
He needs someone to goto China with. 他需要和某人一起去台中。
I can"t find a box to putthe books in. 我找不到放这些书的盒子。
2 "for+宾格+不定式" 的用法
"for sb. to do sth." 在句中可做：主语、宾语、关系代词、形容词、副词。
这种for sb. to do sth.复合结构中的宾语是不定式动作的发出者，这种结构可以在句中担任：
2-1 作主语
It"s dangerous for them to play in the street.
（作主语的不定式常用it来替代，动词不定式后置。）
对于他们来说，在街道上玩是危险的。
It is hard for her to say good-bye.
对她来说，道声再见是很难的。
2-2 作宾语
They gave this work for Kevin to do.
他们把这项工作交给凯文做。
2-3 作关系代词
This is the only way for them to choose.
这是他们能选择的唯一方法。
2-4 作形容词
This kind of music is for children to listen to.
这种音乐是给孩子们听的。
2-5 作副词
She opened the windows for the sunshine to come in.
她打开窗户让阳光照进来。
3 容易犯错的句子
3-1 你最好不要去那里。
You"d better not to go there. ×
You had not better go there. ×
You"d better not go there. √
had better 是一个固定短语，后接原形动词，had better do sth.的意思是“最好做某事”，其否定句式是had better not do sth.，not应放better后，不可以说:had not better do sth.或had better not to do sth.
3-2 让我们停下来休息一下吧。
Let"s stop having a rest. ×
Let"s stop to have a rest. √
stop having a rest是“停止休息”的意思，而stop to do sth."停下正在做的事而去做另一件事".所以表示“停下来休息一会”应说：stop to have a rest.试着比较：
Stop talking, please. 请不要说话了。
He stopped to talk to her. 他停下来跟她谈话。
3-3 玛丽正忙于做作业。
Mary is busy to do her homework. ×
Mary is busy (in) doing her homework. √
Mary is busy with her homework. √
在英语中表示“忙于做某事”应说：be busy (in) doing sth 。 busy后不接动词不定式，跟名词或代词时，应说：be busy with sth.
3-4 老师叫他上学不要再迟到。
The teacher told him don"t be late for school again. ×
The teacher told him not to be late for school again. √
“叫某人做某事”应说:tell sb to do sth,其否定形式是tell sb not to do sth.。不定式短语在句子中作宾语补语。
3-5 格林先生喜欢住在台湾。
Mr. Green enjoys to live in Taiwan. ×
Mr. Green enjoys living in Taiwan. √
enjoy后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，不能跟不定式。
3-6 汤姆在看他们打篮球。
Tom is watching them to play basketball. ×
Tom is watching them play basketball. √
在动词watch, see, hear, let, make等后面跟不定式作宾语补语时，不定式不带to。
3-7 我希望你能来。
I hope you to come. ×
I hope that you will come. √
hope可以跟不定式或从句，但不能跟带不定式的复合结构。
3-8 他让我等了一周。
He kept me to wait for a week. ×
He kept me waiting for a week. √
“keep+宾语”后跟动词时，一般应接现在分词作宾语补语，不跟动词不定式。又如：
Don"t keep your mother waiting. 不要让你妈妈等了。
3-9 我花了一个小时作功课。
It took me one hour doing my homework. ×
It took me one hour to do my homework. √
“花费某人多长时间做某事”，应用句型it takes （过去时took，将来时wil take）sb. something to do sth.，其中的不定式不可换为动名词。
3-10 我不知道是否要去那儿。
I don"t know if to go there or not. ×
I don"t know whether to go there or not. √
带know的动词不定式，可用在whether后与whether一起作谓语动词的宾语，但不可直接跟在 if后面。
3-11 你想买什么？
What do you want buy? ×
What do you want buying? ×
What do you want to buy? √
表示“想要做什么？”应说：want to do sth., want后跟不定式（宾语）
3-12 这男孩看起来做得很好。
The boy looks to do it quite well. ×
The boy seems to do it quite well. √
look和seem都可跟动词不定式，表示“看起来”的意思，但是look后只能和to be连用。例如：
She looks to be very young. 她看起来很年轻。
3-13 我不知道应该怎么办。
I don"t know how to do. ×
I don"t know what to do. √
中文中“怎么办”实际上是“做什么”，本句中what作to do的宾语，不能用how，比较：
I don’t know what to do.
我不知道该怎么办。（what作 to do 宾语）
I don’t know how to do it。
我不知道如何做这件事。（how作to do的副词）
3-14 请给我一张纸写些东西。
Please give me a piece of paper to write. ×
Please give me a piece of paper to write on. √
动词不定式作关系代词时，与其前面所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主从关系，所以不定式应是及物动词。如果说不定式是不及物动词，应在后面加上合适的介词。又如：He had only a small room to live in.他只有一个小房间居住。
3-15 记得帮我寄信。
Remember mailing the letter for me. ×
Remember to mail the letter for me. √
remember后可接动名词，也可接不定式作宾语，但意思不同，接动名词时指过去的动作，接不定式时指将来的动作。比较：
I remember seeing this film before. 我记得以前看过这部电影。
3-16 你出去时不要忘了关灯。
Don"t forget turning off the light when you go out. ×
Don"t forget to turn off the light when you go out. √
forget后可跟不定式，也可跟动名词，但意思差别很大，跟不定式是表示“忘记去做某事（还没做），跟动名词是表示”过去做过的事情此刻忘记”比较：
I forgot to meet her there. 我忘记到那儿去跟她见面。（没见面）
I forgot meeting her there.我忘记曾在那儿跟她见过面。（不确定是否见过面）
3-17 你的信写完了吗？
Have you finished to write the letter? ×
Have you finished writing the letter? √
动词finish后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，不能跟不定式。
3-18 你想要喝一杯茶吗？
Would you like having a cup of tea? ×
Would you like to have a cup of tea? √
Would you like a cup of tea? √
would like后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式，但不能跟动名词。
3-19 请你不要这样做好吗？
Will you please not to do this? ×
Will you please not do this? √
will you please后应跟不带to的动词不定式，其否定是在不定式前加not
3-20 为什么不出去散散步呢？
Why not to go for a walk? ×
Why not going for a walk? ×
Why not go for a walk? √
“why not + 原形动词” 通常用来表示建议。注意后面不能跟动名词或带to的动词不定式。
3-21 你需要搭5号公车。
You need take the No. 5 bus. ×
You need to take the No. 5 bus. √
need作情态动词时一般用于疑问句和否定句，不用于肯定句，这里need应用作实义动词，后跟带to的不定式短语作宾语。
3-22 see sb. doing sth.和see sb. do sth. 在意思上有什么区别?
see sb. doing sth.的意思是“看见某人正在做某事”着重动作的部分过程，表示动作当时正在进行; see sb. do sth.的意思“看见某人做过某事”着重于动作的全过程，表示动作已经完成或结束。比较：
I saw him playing basketball on the playground。(着重打篮球动作正在进行)
我看见他在操场上打篮球。
I saw him play basketball on the playground. (着重打篮球的全过程及完成)
我看见他在操场上打过篮球。
3-23 过来喝一杯牛奶好吗？
Come having a glass of milk, will you? ×
Come and have a glass of milk , will you? √
祈使句中come, go, run, stay, hurry up等动词或动词短语后习惯上用and来代替表示目的的不定式。如：
Come and meet my family.见见我的家人
Go and see.(你) 去看看、
3-24 莉莉病了，不想吃饭。
Lily is ill; she doesn"t feel like to eat. ×
Lily is ill; she doesn"t feel like eating. √
feel like后可跟名词或代词，跟动词时要用动名词，不能跟不定式。
3-25 我只想闭上眼睛尽快入睡。
I just want to close my eyes and to go to sleep as quickly as possible. ×
I just want to close my eyes and go to sleep as quickly as possible. √
当两个或更多的动词不定式连用时，如果它们在句中的语法功能相同或相似，只需在第一个动词不定式带to，后面不定式都不能带to。
3-26 你和我一起去玩好吗？好吧，我乐意去。
－Will you go and play with me? －Yes, I"m glad. ×
－Will you go and play with me? －Yes, I"m glad to. √
当to单独使用时，表示句中省略了一个不定式。这种省略适用于对话中或上下文已提到过或使用过的动词，但to 不能省略。该句答句中“be glad to” 后省略了“go and play with you”但to不能省略。
3-27 他什么也不说，只是哭。
He said nothing but to cry. ×
He said nothing but cry. √
含有nothing but 的句子含有实义动词 do （does， did）时，后其后面的不定式不带to，比如：
He did nothing but laugh.他什么也不做，只是在大笑。
3-28 听到这件事我很难过。
I"m sorry hearing that. ×
I"m sorry to hear that. √
动词不定式常用在某些形容词后面作副词，说明产生这种情绪的原因等。这种结构中常用的形容词有：happy, glad, sorry, angry, kind, pleased等，注意：这类形容词后一般不跟动名词作副词。
未完待续~
【感谢阅读！】