宾语从句考点

1.定义

在句中充当宾语的从句就叫宾语从句

2.分类

(1)动宾

①多数及物动词+宾从

Tom hopes that he will finish his homework in two hours.

②动词短语+宾从

Tom pointed out that he made a mistake yesterday.

③形式宾语it+宾从

Tom thinks it important that we learn English well.

Tom takes it for granted that he will succeed.

(2)介宾

Tom wants to know about whether it will rain tomorrow.

Tom knows everything about Mike except that Mike can not swim.

(3)形宾→形容词+宾语

I"m happy that more and more people like me.

3.宾从语序

陈述：主语+谓语

注意特殊情况：特殊疑问词作主语时，从句不变语序，为疑问语序，常考例子如下↓

例1:I wonder who will meet me tomorrow.

例2:I don"t know what has happened to him.

例3:I don"t know what"s wrong/what"s the matter/what"s the trouble with him.

4.引导词/连接词

(1)that(一般可省略，无实义，不作成分)

注意以下特殊情况不省略that(常考)

①主句动词request, insist, reply, learn, state, hold, explain等+that+宾从

②主句动词+间接宾语+that+宾从(直接宾语)

③主句谓语动词+插入语+that+宾从

④宾从(前面that省略)+,+that+宾从+...+and+that+宾从

⑤主句动词+it(形式宾语)+that+宾从

(2)if/whether(是否)

注意特殊情况:只能用whether(一前二后放句首)↓

①前有介词：介词+whether

②后有to do：whether + to do

③后有(or) not：whether...(or) not

④放句首：Whether he will come,I can"t say.

(3)特殊疑问词(when/where/what/how/who...)

5.时态

(1)主过从过去(主句是过去时态，从句也用过去时态)

I knew you watched a movie with Tom yesterday.

(2)主现从任意(主句是现在时态，从句时态根据句子具体情况选择对应时态)

I want to know if you will watch a movie with me tomorrow.

(3)真理永一现(从句陈述客观真理、事实现象时，永远都用一般现在时)

Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.

(4)委婉从任意(当主句表示委婉请求时，从句时态根据句子具体情况选择对应时态)

Could you tell me when the shop will be closed?

(could表示委婉语气不是can的过去式)

6.特殊注意点

(1)否定转移(主句谓语动词是think, suppose, believe等，主句主语为第一人称，此时从句的否定通常要转移到主句上)

I don"t think they"ll wait to the last minute, will they?

(2)宾从语气(虚拟语气)

①动词wish+宾从(虚拟语气)

I often wish I were a bird.

②动词suggest, advise, require, demand等+宾从(虚拟语气)

Tom suggested that Mike (should) go swimming with him.(注意部分考卷有时会为了挖坑而挖坑，把that也省略了)

7.附图

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