中考英语语法一点通：简单句
一、疑问句
1、一般疑问句
一般疑问句用以询问事物或者情况，希望对方给以肯定（yes）或者否定（no）的回答。
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词
否定回答：No, 主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词+not
--Are you a teacher?
--Yes, I am./No, I"m not.
--Do you like swimming?
--Yes, I do./No, I don"t.
--Must I finish my homework now?
--Yes, you must./No, you needn"t.
2、特殊疑问句
用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。
① 疑问代词：what什么, who谁, which哪一个, whose谁的，可以对主语、宾语、表语、定语提问。
Who is the man over there?
What can you see on the desk?
Whose book is it?
② 疑问副词：when何时，where何地，how怎样，why为什么，对状语进行提问。
When were you born?
How do you usually go to school?
Why did your mother get angry?
③ 疑问词组：how long多长时间，how far多远，how many/much多少，how often多经常，how old多大年龄，what time什么时候。
How many students are there in your class?
How often do you visit the museum?
3、选择疑问句
提出两种或者两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句叫作选择疑问句。选择疑问句中的两种或以上的情况用or连接。
--Is your friend a boy a girl?
--A girl.
--Which do you like better, maths or English?
--English.
4、反意疑问句
反意疑问句是提出情况或者看法，问对方是否同意的句子。一般由陈述句和反意疑问句构成。
反意疑问句部分要与前面的陈述句用逗号隔开，句末用问号。
如果陈述句部分是肯定结构，反意疑问句部分就用否定结构，反之亦然。
反意疑问句部分的主语需用代词，并与陈述句部分的主语一致，谓语动词在人称、数和时态上也要与陈述句部分一致。
反意疑问句的构成如下：
肯定的陈述句+be动词/助动词/情态动词+not+主语（代词）
否定的陈述句+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语（代词）
反意疑问句还有如下一些值得注意的情况：
① 陈述句部分含有never, few, little, nothing, nobody, no, hardly, none等表示否定意义的词时，反意疑问句部分用肯定形式。
He has few friends at school, does he?
注意：当陈述句谓语动词是含有否定意义的前缀的词时，反意疑问句部分还是要用否定形式。
He dislikes smoking, doesn"t he?
② 陈述句部分是there be结构，反意疑问句用be there。
There is a book on the desk, isn"t there?
③ 当陈述句部分的主语是指物的不定代词，something, anything, everything等时，反意疑问句主语用it；如果主语是指人的不定代词somebody, anybody, everybody等时，反意疑问句主语用they或he。
Someone wants to see you, don"t they?
④ 当陈述句的主语是this，that时，反意疑问句主语用it；当陈述句的主语是these， those时，反意疑问句主句用they。
This is an interesting film, isn"t it?
Those aren"t banana trees, are they?
⑤ 当陈述句谓语动词含有have/has/had时，若时态为完成时态或者含有had better，反意疑问句用have/has/had，其它情况需要借助助动词构成反意疑问句。
Jack has a new watch, doesn"t he?
They had to get up early in the morning, didn"t they?
He has been to Beijing twice, hasn"t he?
We"d better stop talking, hadn"t we?
⑥ 当陈述句部分含有need时，如果need作行为动词，则反意疑问句部分用do/does/did，如果need作情态动词，则反意疑问句部分用need。
We need to buy a new washing machine, don"t we?
We needn"t set out at once, need we?
⑦ 当陈述句部分是肯定的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you或者won"t you，当陈述句是否定的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you。
Pass me the salt, will/won"t you?
Don"t play football in the street, will you?
⑧ 当陈述部分是以let"s开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用shall we；当陈述句部分是以let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you。
Let"s go shopping, shall we?
Let us have a look, will/won"t you?
⑨ 当陈述句含有must时，当must表示“必须”时，反意疑问句用needn"t；当must表示“一定、想必”，反意疑问句部分的谓语应根据must后面的动词来确定。
They must come on time, needn"t they?
That man must be Mr. Zhang, isn"t he?
⑩ 当陈述句是主从复合句，反意疑问句的主语通常与主句的主语保持一致。
She said he would come tomorrow, didn"t she?
注意：若主句的主语是第一人称I/we，其谓语动词又是think, suppose, expect, believe, imagine等时，反意疑问句部分的主语和谓语和从句保持一致。
I don"t think he is a good student, is he?
We think it is a good idea, isn"t it?
特别提醒：
反意疑问句的回答要根据具体的情况来确定用肯定形式还是否定形式。
--Lucy is very good at skating, isn"t she?
--Yes, she is.
--You don"t like eating beef, do you?
--No, I don"t.
二、陈述句、祈使句和感叹句
1、陈述句
陈述句用来叙述一件事情或者表达一种想法，有肯定和否定两种形式。
My aunt works in a hospital.
I can"t ride a bike.
2、祈使句
祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或者劝告，通常用动词原形开头，否定的祈使句在动词原形前加上not。
Come in!
Be quiet!
Don"t be late.
Don"t talk in class.
3、感叹句
感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子，常由what和how引导感叹句。
① what引导的感叹句
What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+（主语+谓语）！
What+形容词+复数可数名词+（主语+谓语）！
What+形容词+不可数名词+（主语+谓语）！
What a lovely dog (it is)!
What beautiful flowers (they are)!
What good news (it is)!
② how引导的感叹句
How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！
How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！
How+主语+谓语
How fast the boy runs!
How useful a subject it is!
How time flies!