《经济学人》双语：被遗弃的非洲难民的生活现状如何呢
《经济学人》双语：被遗弃的非洲难民的生活现状如何呢？
文/Irene-自由英语之路
【本篇内容简述】
【Para1】引入：乌干达难民定居点玉米配给：15公斤，吃两个月。每天只吃250克。胡安尼还要那一部分偿还木薯贷款，生活艰苦。
【Para2】粮食现状：靠救济，世界粮食计划署削减了东非七个国家300多万难民的口粮，有些地方难民每月靠5.36美元勉强度日。因为资金紧缺,新冠让情况更糟。
【Para3】难民分析：逃离南苏丹的种族屠杀和战争，来到乌干达比迪比迪，这个世界上最大的难民营。乌干达政府异乎寻常地欢迎难民，给地给工作，可是难民数量庞大，资源也有限。
【Para4】救济与复杂的经济：润滑关系，玉米磨成面粉，进行商品交换或买卖，现在也放缓了。
【Para5&6】难民生活现状：生活节奏不是由季节决定的，而是由“周期”决定的。分发食物时，教堂充满活力；没有食物的时候，孩子们就辍学了。胡安尼40天就吃完了配给的粮食，不得不借钱度日，停止服药；简和她的两个孩子做临时工，在烈日下挖土，每天吃一顿饭，收入微薄，吃自己种的蔬菜。
【Para7&8】结尾：四分之三的家庭不吃饭；五分之三的人借钱吃饭。很多国家采取紧急措施，如出售资产或将儿童从学校带走。甚至前警察无法再养家糊口，决定加入叛军。
（文末的补充材料对理解本文有帮助）
标题：
Abandoned refugees
Rationed out
With the world’s attention elsewhere, refugees in east Africa are going hungry
被遗弃的难民
配给
世界人们在关注其他方面，而东非的难民正在挨饿
原文日期：2021年8月7日
Paragraph 1：
AT A FOOD distribution centre in Bidibidi, a refugee settlement in Uganda, a handwritten cardboard sign tells refugees their maize ration: 15kg for two months.
在乌干达难民定居点比迪比迪的一个食品配送中心，一个手写的纸板标牌告诉难民他们的玉米配给：15公斤，吃两个月。
That works out to 250 grams a day, to go with 60 grams of beans, a splash of oil and half a teaspoon of salt.
算起来，每天可以吃250克，加上60克的豆子、一点油和半茶匙盐，
A day after receiving hers, Ito Juani has already used some of it to repay a loan of cassava that got her through a lean spell. “The world has given up on us,” she says.
在收到她的食物配给一天后，伊藤·胡安尼已经用其中的一部分偿还了一笔木薯贷款，这让她度过了一段艰难的时期。她说：“世界已经放弃了我们。”
Paragraph 2:
Who can deny it? In the past year the World Food Programme (WFP) has slashed rations for more than 3m refugees in seven countries across eastern Africa—by 40% in the case of Uganda.
谁能否认呢？去年，世界粮食计划署（WFP）削减了东非七个国家300多万难民的口粮，而乌干达的口粮削减了40%。
In some settlements, where it gives out cash instead of food, refugees must make do with 19,000 shillings ($5.36) a month.
在一些发放现金而不是食品的定居点，难民每月靠19000先令（5.36美元）勉强度日。
In South Sudan, where rations have fallen by half, the WFP is taking from the hungry to feed the starving, writes its executive director, David Beasley.
在南苏丹，口粮减少了一半，世界粮食计划署的执行主任大卫·比斯利写道，该署正在从饥饿者手中夺走粮食，以满足极度饥饿者的需要。
Officials say they have only half the money they need to feed east African refugees for the rest of the year.
官员们说，他们只剩一半资金，这些资金为下半年东非难民提供食物作准备。
Donor fatigue had set in before covid-19, but tight pandemic budgets have made things worse.
在新冠肺炎爆发之前，捐赠者就开始感到疲劳，但紧张的应对新冠的预算让情况变得更糟。
Paragraph 3:
Most of the 238,000 people who live in Bidibidi fled from South Sudan in 2016, walking for days to escape ethnic killings and war. The settlement briefly became the largest refugee camp in the world.
2016年，生活在比迪比迪的23.8万中的大多数人是从南苏丹（现状见文末补充材料）逃离的，他们步行数天逃离种族屠杀和战争。该定居点一度成为世界上最大的难民营。
Today it feels like an endless village, clusters of thatched houses sprawling over the horizon. It has shops, video halls and small businesses.
今天，它感觉像是一个无边无际的村庄，一排排的茅草屋伸展在地平线上。它有商店、录像厅和小企业。
Uganda’s government, which is unusually welcoming, has given the refugees land to till and the right to work. But the sheer number of arrivals strains resources. The small, stony plots are the scrawniest of vegetable patches.
乌干达政府异乎寻常地欢迎难民，给予他们土地耕种和工作的权利。但纯粹的入境人数使资源紧张。小而多石的地块是最瘦骨嶙峋的菜地。
Paragraph 4:
Handouts provide staple food andlubricate the settlement’s complex economy.
救济品提供主食，润滑定居点复杂的经济。
A miller will grind maize into flour for a cut of a few handfuls.A few more can be bartered for firewood from locals from nearby villages. Some are sold to maize dealers to buy goods like soap, sugar and fish.
一位磨坊主将玉米磨成面粉，再分成几份。另外一些可以用来从附近村庄的当地人那里换取木柴。一些被卖给玉米经销商，以购买肥皂、糖和鱼等商品。
But such trade has slowed since rations were cut, says a dealer, clutching an empty sack.
一位商人说，但是自从口粮削减以来，这种贸易已经放缓，他手里拿着一个空袋子。
Paragraph 5:
The rhythm of life is set not by the seasons but by “the cycle”, as aid workers call the routines of food distribution. The meagre rations rarely last until the cycle ends.
正如救援人员所说的食物分配惯例那样：生活节奏不是由季节决定的，而是由“周期”决定的。在周期结束之前，很少有人会继续提供少量的口粮。
“When food is distributed, the church is vibrant,” says Felix Taban, a pastor. “But when it runs out, people stop coming.” In the last weeks of each cycle children “don’t have energy” and drop out of school, says Anna Uba Joseph, a teacher.
牧师费利克斯·塔班说：“分发食物时，教堂充满活力。”教师安娜·尤巴·约瑟夫说：“但是当没有食物的时候，大家就不来了。在每个周期的最后几周，孩子们“没有精力”就辍学了。
Meanwhile, more patients show up at hospital with gastric problems and stress, says a health worker there.
同时，医院的一名医务工作者说：“没有食物的时候，会有更多的病人出现在医院，他们有胃部问题和压力问题。
Paragraph 6:
Ms Juani’s own ration ran out 20 days before the cycle ended, which was why she had to borrow.
胡安尼女士自己的定量配给在周期结束前20天就用完了，这就是她不得不借钱的原因。
For those hungry weeks she stopped taking the antiretroviral drugs that treat her AIDS, because she felt ill after swallowing them on an empty stomach.
在饥饿的几周里，她停止服用治疗艾滋病的抗逆转录病毒药物，因为她空腹吞下这些药物后感觉不舒服。
Others resort to casual labour. Jane Mandera worked on a local farm with her two sons, aged ten and seven, digging under the equatorial sun for a meal and 4,000 shillings a day.
其他人则从事临时工。简·曼德拉和她的两个儿子（分别是10岁和7岁）在当地的一个农场工作，他们在赤道太阳底下挖土，每天吃一顿饭，挣4000先令。
In the evening she boiled up vegetables she had grown herself.
晚上，她煮了自己种的蔬菜。
Paragraph 7:
A WFP survey in March found that 42% of people in Ugandan refugee settlements had inadequate diets.
世界粮食计划署3月份的一项调查发现，乌干达难民定居点42%的人饮食不足。
Three-quarters of households skipped meals; three-fifths borrowed to eat.
四分之三的家庭不吃饭；五分之三的人借钱吃饭。
Stephan Deutscher of the WFP in Uganda says more are resorting to emergency measures such as selling assets or pulling children from school.
世界粮食计划署驻乌干达的Stephan Deutscher说，更多的国家正在采取紧急措施，如出售资产或将儿童从学校带走。
Paragraph 8:
Aid workers praise Uganda’s openness to refugees, but the model falters without the funds to support it.
援助人员赞扬乌干达对难民的开放，但如果没有资金支持，这一模式就会动摇。
Some hungry refugees now risk returning to their abandoned farms in South Sudan.
一些饥饿的难民现在冒着返回南苏丹被遗弃的农场的风险。
A former policeman says he can no longer provide for his family, so he is going back home to join the rebels. When will he set off? “As soon as possible,” he says.
一名前警察说，他无法再养家糊口，所以他要回家加入叛军。他什么时候出发？他回答说：“尽快。”
（恭喜读完本篇，英语阅读量698左右）
【补充资料】（来源于网络）
关于South Sudan的现状？
南苏丹：原来是苏丹共和国的南部10个州，因为这10个州，主要是黑人，而且信仰跟北部的苏丹区域不同。所以一直以来闹独立。最终经过长时间的战争，南苏丹在2011年7月8号宣布独立，成为非洲最年轻的国家。也是非洲继埃塞俄比亚之后，第二个国内出现分裂的国家。而现在南苏丹独立已经快10年了，这个地方现在到底如何呢？南苏丹现状：独立后战乱不断，国内民不聊生。现在的南苏丹人均GDP只有237美元，这甚至比津巴布韦还要低。所以南苏丹称为整个世界最穷困，最不发达的国家，百姓到了民不聊生的地步了，可以说那是凄惨到了极点的程度。
【重点词汇】（10个）
cassava=cassawa/ksɑv/a tropical plant with many branches and long roots that you can eat.
n. 木薯
spell/spel/a short period of time during which sth lasts.
n. 一段时间(熟词偏义：常见的意思是“拼写”)
make do with
设法应付；勉强对付
till/tl/to prepare and use land for growing crops.
v. 耕作，犁地(熟词偏义：常见的意思是“直到”)
scrawny/skrni/
adj. 骨瘦如柴的
staple food
主食；主粮
lubricate/lubrket/to put a lubricant on sth such as the parts of a machine, to help them move smoothly.
v. 润滑；涂油
pastor/pɑst(r)/a minister in charge of a Christian church or group, especially in some Nonconformist churches.
n. 牧师
casual labour
临时工，散工
equatorial /ekwtril/near the equator or typical of a country that is near the equator .
adj. 赤道的
【重点句子】（4个）
Today it feels like an endless village, clusters of thatched houses sprawling over the horizon.
今天，它感觉像是一个无边无际的村庄，一排排的茅草屋伸展在地平线上。
The rhythm of life is set not by the seasons but by “the cycle”.
生活节奏不是由季节决定的，而是由“周期”决定的。
Three-quarters of households skipped meals; three-fifths borrowed to eat.
四分之三的家庭不吃饭；五分之三的人借钱吃饭。
But the model falters without the funds to support it.
但如果没有资金支持，这一模式就会动摇。
【重点词根】（1+4个）
pastor＝past-喂养 + -or表名词
词根past- 源自拉丁语 pascere "to feed," pastor "shepherd."= feed, shepherd, 表示“喂养，牧羊人”，如：
pasture[pɑst(r)] n. 牧场, 草地, 牧草
pastern[pstn] n. 马胶骨
repast [rpɑst] n/v. 餐, 就餐
antipasto [ntipst] n. 开胃菜，餐前小吃
【本篇读后感】
在我们的认知范围外，这个世界有无比富裕的人，也有无比贫穷的人。富到超出想象的例子层出不穷，就像网友调侃那样“贫穷限制了我的想象力；最穷的人的生活就像本文从南苏丹逃到乌干达的难民，一天吃250克的主食。靠月救济5.36美元，折合人民币30多元，一个月怎么生活，还有真的吃土的海地人们，难以想象。噫吁嚱！
这些难以想象的事情每时每刻都在发生，只是我们不知道，我们不知道并不等于不存在，这就是信息差。
拥有美好生活，三个要素，天时，地利，人和缺一不可。出生在一个和平的国家，繁荣发展充满机遇的时代，自己的主观能动性强一点，生活不会差到哪里去。