英语语法精讲系列之并列结构
所谓的并列结构指两个或两个以上意义相关、层次相同、句法功能也相同、并由并列连词或其他并列手段连接起来的语法结构序列。
我们一起看看具体并列结构的各种形式:
1)词与词的并列you andme
2)词组与词组的并列 a teacher and a student
3)分句与分句的并列 you can go or you can stay with us.
并列结构的连接手段1)并列连词 2)标点符号
并列结构的插入语,在最后一个项目之前插入一个词语,使这个项目处于更加突出的地位。并列结构的对称组合成对组合的办法使整个结构更加紧凑。
1.以and为代表的表示语义引申的并列连词
and, both…and, not only… but also, not…nor, neither…nor等。这一类并列连词在语义上表示其连接的成分是对前项的补充和引申,包括肯定和否定两种意义的引申。
And除表示语义增补外还有其他意义.还有一些and连接的语法结构形似并列结构实际并非并列结构.
This room is nice and warm.
I’ll go and see my friend.
以or 为代表的表示选择的并列连词
这类连词包括or和either…or
3.以but为代表的表示语义转折和对比的并列连词
这类连词包括but, not… but, while, whereas, only, yet.
1) both…and 只连接成分不连接句子;只连对等结构
Eg. Both the student and the teacher are pleased to hear the news.
2) not only …but also联结成分和连接句子;只连对等结构
Not only I but also he will take part in the meeting.
Not only did he help me, but also he sent me home.
3) either …or连接成分和句子;连对等结构或不对等结构
Eg. Either you or I am going to shanghai.
He can either stay at home or leave.
He has either gone to the movies or ( gone to ) the theatre.
4) neither …nor联结成分和连接句子;连对等结构或不对等结构
He neither likes fiction nor (likes) poetry.
And与moreover;furthermore what’s more …
Eg. He is a good teacher and a good friend.
He is a good teacher. Moreover, he is a good friend.
but与however or与otherwise So与as a result , consequently …
以上是我在教学实践过程中总结的一些并列结构情况,不足之处还请各位指正。