学习英语同位语从句

一、同位语从句定义：

同位语是句子成分的一种，它位于名词、代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况，它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。

二、同位语的表现形式有以下几种：

名词e.g. Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.代词e.g. I myself will do the experiment.数词e.g. She is the oldest among them six.从句e.g. He told me the news that the plane had exploded.由such as, that is 引导e.g. Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn.某些学科，例如数学和物理，是很难学的。由of 引导e.g. The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000.自从2000年以来，北京市发生了很大的变化。由or引导e.g. The freezing temperature, or freezing point, is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure.结冰温度即冰点，是水在常压下结冰时的温度。二、结论：

在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。他在句中起同位语的作用。

三、特点：

同位语从句一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。

四、同位语三要素：引导词、语序、时态

引导词连接词：that, whether连接代词：who, whom, whose, which, what连接副词：when, where, why, how①使用规则一：为陈述句充当同位语从句时，用连接词that引导，that在从句中补充当任何成分，本身也没有任何意义，只是起连接作用。e.g. 1. The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true. 2.The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all.②使用规则二：当一般疑问句充当同位语从句时，用连接词whether引导，whether在句中补充当任何成分，但具有“是否”的意义，表示对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。e.g. 1.The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed. 2.He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.③使用规则三：当特殊疑问句充当同位语从句时，还用原来的特殊疑问词引导，这类词引出同位语从句时，与它们引出宾语从句一样，要在从句中充当成分（一般充当主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语），并具有一定的意义，不可省略。e.g. 1.I have no idea when they will go. 2.He can"t answer the question how he got the money.语序同位语从句必须要用陈述句语序，有且仅有一个引导词，同位语从句中的引导词均不能省略，其结构为：引导词+陈述语序。e.g. 1.The news that he has been elected schoolmaster of his school is true. 2.The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed. 3. I have no idea when they will go.时态同位语从句的时态根据实际情况而定，五固定的规律。e.g. 1. He has solved the problem why the radio was out of order. 2. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.五、同位语从句的注意事项

that在同位语从句中不担任句子成分，五实际意义，一般不可省略。e.g. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.表示“建议，劝说，命令”等的名词，如idea，suggestion，proposal，order，request，后面的同位语从句中谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。e.g. The advise that he (should) be invited to the party was taken.同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开。e.g. 1.The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow. 2. Word came that their team had won.有时可用namely（即），that is to say（也就是说），in other words（换句话说），that is（那就是），for example等引出同位语，说明其前面的名词或代词，有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。e.g. 1. He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all. 2. There is only one way of improving your English, that is, to practice more. 3. Altogether Dolly had lived for six years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.