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2018全国卷I阅读C篇外刊原文解析:濒危语言(3)

句子大全 2023-07-13 04:01:01
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2018年高考英语全国卷I阅读C篇的原文是来自《经济学人》2004年的一篇专题报道,我们已经分享了前面几段,今天继续分享出现在高考试题的最后两段。

前两篇传送门:

2018高考英语全国卷I阅读C篇外刊原文解析:濒危语言

2018全国卷I阅读C篇外刊原文解析:濒危语言(2)

第六段

At present the world has about 6,800 distinct languages (and many more dialects), according to Ethnologue, a database maintained by the Summer Institute of Linguistics in Dallas. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that temperate【mild 】zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, whereas【while】 hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world"s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.

distinct明显不同的,截然不同的,不同种类的dialect方言,地方话,土语;例如:the local dialect 当地方言Ethnologue 《世界语言数据库》Summer Institute of Linguistics 美国夏季语言学院linguistics n. 语言学;词根助记:lingu-语言;-ist名词后缀,表示人;-ics名词后缀,表示学科,学术;distribution分布uneven不均衡的;同义词:unequal;反义词:even ,表示“均衡的;不相上下的;均等的”举例:an uneven distribution of resources 不均匀的资源分布;temperate (气候或地区) 温和的;还表示“〔行为〕温和的,心平气和的;自我节制的.”(反义词:intemperate 放纵的;无节制的;酗酒的; intemperate language 过激的言语)temperate zone温带;高考使用的是mild zones ,气候温和地带;hot, wet zones 气候湿热地带;relatively相对地;whereas(用以比较或对比两个事实)然而,但是,尽管;相当于while;举例:Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not. 有一些研究结果令人满意,然而其他的则不然。Papua New Guinea巴布亚新几内亚accounts for (数量上、比例上) 占well over远远超出;well :to a great extent or degree 很;相当;大大地;远远地the median number中位数,又称中点数、中值。中位数是按顺序排列的一组数据中居于中间位置的数,即在这组数据中,有一半的数据比它大,有一半的数据比它小。

句子结构分析:

①At present ②the world has about 6,800 distinct languages (and many more dialects), ③according to Ethnologue, ④a database ⑤maintained by the Summer Institute of Linguistics in Dallas.

①是时间状语,②是主句,③介词短语作状语,④是Ethnologue的同位语,⑤是过去分词短语作后置定语。

① The general rule is② that temperate zones have relatively few languages, ③often spoken by many people,④ whereas hot, wet zones have lots, ⑤often spoken by small numbers.

本句是一个由whereas连接的,带有表语从句的并列复合句。①是第一个分句的主语和系动词,②是表语从句,④是第二个分句,③是过去分词作为后置定语(修饰languages),⑤也是如此。

The median number of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的句子。

参考译文:美国达拉斯夏季语言学院(Summer Institute of Linguistics)《世界语言数据库》(Ethnologue )的数据显示,目前世界上大约有6800种不同的语言(还有更多方言)。这些语言的分布极不均匀,一般规则是:温带地区的语种相对较少,往往有很多人说这些语言,而湿热地区语种很多,通常都是一小群人使用。欧洲只有大约200种语言,美洲大约有1000种,非洲大约是2400种,亚太地区可能有3200种(其中巴布亚新几内亚就占了800多种)。所有语言使用者的中位人数仅为6000人,这意味着世界上有一半的语言,它们的使用人数少于6000人。

第七段

Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction, with only a few elderly speakers left. The list makes melancholy reading. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.

be close to 几乎 (处于某种状态)melancholy :very sad 忧郁的;令人伤感的;举例:The music suited her melancholy mood. 这音乐很适合她的伤感情绪。在郁达夫的散文《故都的秋》,有一句话描写北平的秋“清、静、悲凉”,这句话构成了文章的基调和底色:“秋天,无论在什么地方的秋天,总是好的;可是啊,北国的秋,却特别地来得清,来得静,来得悲凉。”Autumn, wherever it is, always has something to recommend itself. In North China, however, it is particularly limpid, serene and melancholy.

makes melancholy reading 读起来令人伤感的类似的还有make interesting/fascinating/compelling reading,表示to be interesting to read读起来有趣的/吸引人的/令人激动的,例如:Your report made fascinating reading. 你的报告读起来引人入胜。

pick 举例at random 随机Cameroon n. 喀麦隆(西非国名)question-mark 问号a question mark over sth/a question mark hangs over sth某事还是个大问号,某事尚不确定survival 生存;存活;幸存;词根-viv-生命,sur-在上面,超过,-al形容词或者名词后缀

have much chance of ……的可能性很大添加一个例句:If a disease ravages the population, only the rare few who are immune would have a chance of survival. 如果一种疾病即将毁灭人类,只有少数具有免疫能力的人能够幸免于难。

参考译文:在总共6800种语言中,已经有400多种语言处于濒危境地,只有为数不多的老人会说这些语言。这份濒危语言的名单读起来令人伤感,随机说几种吧,比如,喀麦隆的Busuu语,全世界只有8个人会说,墨西哥的Chiapaneco语有150个人会使用,美国的Lipan Apache语只有2个或3个人使用了,而澳大利亚的Wadjigu语是否还有一个人会说,都还是个疑问呢。这些语言似乎都没有多少机会被传承下去!

以上。

下一篇将继续分享外刊原文的后面几段

译文仅供参考;若有不准确之处,还请温柔提点。

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