瑞尔英语|PET英语语法状语从句总结
语法不好对孩子PET英语学习的影响是隐性而持久的:语法欠佳会导致孩子们读不懂或听不懂长难句,影响理解;同时,因为语法基础不好而不敢在口语和写作中使用稍微复杂一点的表达,影响了孩子们的输出效果。参加PET考试的孩子,因为PET比KET的难度要大,孩子需要具备以下能力:
1.高于3500左右的词汇量
2.快速找Key Details细节并进行匹配的能力
3.closingreding精读能力
4.中考水平的语法基础(非常重要)
5.拼写过关
6.写作能力。写作时要记得使用长短句及多样化句式。(加州写作教材Write Source中的写作流程能灵活运用)
7.听力做记录的同时,听清题意,排除干扰信息(听力陷阱)
8.口语吐词清晰,不要有长时间的停顿,与partner对话时要学会倾听。
在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句,它可以用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词)、定语或状语,或是整个句子。
二、状语从句一般分为八大类
时间状语从句 地点状语从句
原因状语从句 目的状语从句
结果状语从句 条件状语从句
方式状语从句 让步状语从句
1. 时间状语从句
When ---当……时候,通常指某一特定的时间点,主句与从句的动作同时发生。
When I opened the window, I saw him come up.
When---正在……的时候,突然…。通常主句是进行时或 be about to 时,在翻译的时候,when 可以译成没想到或突然。
I was walking along the street , when I met him.
When 当从句是进行时,主句是一般时,往往表示不满。
Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.
When=after
When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.
While---在……期间,往往指一段时间。
While we were inAmerica, we saw him twice.
While ---表示一种不满情绪,意思是这边在干某种重要的事,而另一边在享受等。
We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.
As--- 一边……一边, 随着
She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.
As --- 当……时,指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生,从句通常用进行时。
As I was going out, it began to rain.
The moment--- 一……就……=as soon as , immediately,
---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
---Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.
Not… until---直到……才
He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work.
Before---在……之前
The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.
After---在…… 之后
The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.
Since---自从……, 通常主句用现在完成时
I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.
It is just a week since we arrived here.
As soon as---一……就……
Jack went to school as soon as he got well.
No sooner than---一……就……
no sooner… than… 用于句首要求倒装
Hardly …when…
Scarcely …when…
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
Once ---一但……就……
Once you see him, you will never forget him.
Every time, each time每次whenever每当
Each time he came to town, he would visit our school.
2. 条件状语从句
引导状语从句的连接词有:
If如果, unless除非, as long as只要, As (so) far as --- 据……所知,in case万一, provided that假如, on condition that若是,以…为条件
If---如果
If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane.
Unless--- 如果不, 除非=if not
We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight
As long as--- 只要
We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.
As (so) far as--- 据……所知
As far as I know, he speaks English very well.
In case--- 假使, 如果
The plane cannot take off in case it rains.
Provided that如果,有时省略 that
The plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.
On condition that--- 条件是…
He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.
注:主从句的动作发生在将来时,则主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时。
If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport.
3. 地点状语从句
地点状语从句只有两个连词: Where, wherever
Where--- 在……地方
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Wherever--- 无论哪里
Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.
4. 原因状语从句
because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱.
Because--- 因为,通常从句放在主句后.
Mr Smith was very upset because he couldn’t find his luggage.
As--- 因为, 通常放在句首
As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.
Since---既然 因语气较弱, 常译为既然(众所周知的原因)
Since everybody has come, we can set off.
Now that--- 既然
Now that you are here, you can join us.
considering that--- 顾及到
Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.
seeing that--- 由于
Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided toput the meeting off.
5. 结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词有:that, so that, so…that…
such…thatSo… that--- 太……以至于so 后面应用形容词或副词, 有时省略so只用that
Boeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb喷气炸弹.
So that--- 因而,以便,为了 有时so 可以省去
Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.
Such …that…---太……以至于 用法与so…that相同,但such 后面应用名词。
The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.
6. 目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的主要连词有: that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest
(So) that --- 以便,从句中常常使用一些情态动词,如:can, could, may, might, should等
Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.
in order that --- 为了,与so that 相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词,如:can, could, may, might, should等
School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.
for fear that--- 生怕; 为了防止(某事发生)
He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.
in case--- 万一
You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.
Lest--- 以防万一
The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.
7. 让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词有:Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether.
Although, though ---虽然although 和though 可以互换,但although 常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。
Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off.
Though he did his best, he didn’t succeed.
As --- 尽管 as 引导让步状语从句时,句子通常倒装。可与though 互换。
Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.
Even if /even though---即使
Even if you don’t like your boss, you should do your work.
However--- 不论,however 引导让步状语从句时,句子通常倒装
He couldn’t get there on time however fast he drove.
No matter (what, when, where, how)---无论(什么,何时,何地,怎样)
He wouldn’t forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.
Whatever--- 不管
Whatever other people may say, she won’t change her mind.
While---尽管
While I have sympathy for you, I can’t help you.
Whether---不管,常与or not 连用
Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.
8. 方式状语从句
方式状语从句常由: as, as if, as though
as---与…… 一样
Do in Rome as the Romans do.
as if, as though--- 仿佛,由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气
She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.
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