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中考英语非谓语动词专项 考点原创梳理(一学就会)

句子大全 2023-07-15 03:43:01
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一.动名词梳理总结

(一)何为动名词?

动名词是谓语动词的一种,动词词尾加-ing,兼有动词和名词的特征和用法。

He likes reading English newspaper.

该句中,谓语动词为like;因为主语是he,所以谓动用单三形式likes. 句中谓语动词有了,那么read就只能是非谓语动词形式,所以用reading而不是read/reads等。此处,reading就是非谓语动词。

(二)接动名词的五种情形

1.接动名词的动词有:

finish doing sth.完成做某事;

enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事;

practice doing sth. 练习做某事;

imagine doing 想象做某事;

avoid doing sth.避免做某事;

consider doing sth.考虑做某事;

suggest doing sth.建议做某事;

mind doing sth.介意做某事;

keep doing sth.持续做某事;

keep (sb) doing让某人一直做

2.接动名词的常考短语句型有:

feel like doing sth. 喜欢做某事;

be busy doing sth.忙于做某事;

be worth doing 值得做某事;

spend … (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事;

have difficult/trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难;

have fun (in) doing 做某事高兴

can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事

be good at doing sth.;

thank you for doing sth.;

give up doing sth.;

stop sb. from doing sth.;

do well in doing sth.;

be afraid of doing sth.;

be interested in doing sth.;

be proud of;

instead of;

be fond of;

what/how about doing sth?做某事怎么样?

备注:

介词后面如果跟动词,都必须接动名词。常见介词有:on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等。

3. To作介词后跟动名词的情况:

look forward to doing sth期望做某事;

prefer doing sth. to doing sth与…相比较更喜欢…;

pay attention to doing注意做某事;

be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事;

make a contribution to doing为…做贡献

4. No+动名词,表示禁令。

No smoking禁止吸烟

No parking禁止停车

5. 表示休闲活动的情形。

go+动名词

go shopping,去购物;

go skating,去滑冰; go hiking去远足(旅行)

do some/the+动名词,指进行某种活动

do some cleaning 搞卫生;do some washing 洗衣服

二.动词不定式梳理总结

(一)何为动词不定式

动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,常用作“to+动词原形”。在句中可以作主语,宾语,表语,状语等。

(二)后接动词不定式的五种情形

1.接不定式的动词:

agree to do同意去做; afford to do买得起;

decide to do决定去做某事; hope to do希望去做;

wish (sb)to do希望去做; fail to do做某事失败去;

plan to do打算去做; pretend to do假装去做;

refuse to do拒绝去做 would like to do想要去做;

want (sb)to do想要去做某事; learn to do 学做;

prefer to do sth. 喜欢/宁愿做某事; sb. seem to do sth好像做某事;

would like (sb)to do sth. 想做……; used to do sth. 过去常做某事

2.接不定式的短语/句型:

(1)不定式作宾语补足语的句型 (v +sb+to do sth.)

allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事

ask sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事(叫某人不要去做某事)

tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人去(不要)做某事

follow sb. to do sth. 跟随某人去做某事

get sb. to do sth. 让某人去做某事

warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人做某事(或不要做某事)

encourage sb to do鼓励某人做某事

expect sb to do期待某人做某事

invite sb to do邀请某人做某事

teach sb to do教会某人做某事

advise sb to do建议某人做某事

备注:

不定式作宾语补足语,以上属于带to的不定式;此外,还接不带to的不定式,

这些单词是使役动词和感官动词等常考6个词;接不接to都可以的,有help。

做此类题,可以用排除法快速解决。

需要注意的是,这些接不带to作宾语补足语,如变被动语态,则必须加to.

We made him wait for us there.

——> He was made to wait for us there.

(2) 不定式作主语补足语的句型(be+情感类的形容词+to do sth.)

be amazed to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶

be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事

be excited to do sth. 对做……感到兴奋

be frightened to do sth. 害怕去做某事

be glad / happy to do sth. 高兴去做某事

be / get ready to do sth.准备做某事

be sorry to do sth. 对做某事感到抱歉

be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇

(3)不定式作定语(n./pron + to do)。

1、a chance to do sth 做某事的一个机会

2、the way to do sth 做某事的办法

3、the best timeto do sth 做某事的最佳时间

4、somethingto eat 一些吃的东西

5、something to drink 一些喝的东西

6、a lot of work to do 许多要做的工作

(4) 不定式作主语(常借助于形式主语it,不定式作真正主语)

It’s+形容词(adj.)+for +sb +to do sth对某人来说,做某事是……的

分析:形容词(adj.)描述做事情

It’s+形容词(adj.)+of +sb +to do sth 某人做某事,(某人)真是……的

分析:形容词(adj.)描述某人的品行

如:①It’s hard for me to learn English well.

(句子 hard 是修饰动词不定式to learn english well,意为学好英语难,所以用的介词是for sb.)

②It’s kind of you to help me.

(句中kind“善良的”修饰you, 意为你善良,所以介词用of sb.)

(5)其它的常考句型情况:

It takes sb some time/money to do sth. 某人做某事花费…时间

It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了

can’t wait to do sth. 迫不急待地去做某事

too…(for sb.) to …(对某人来说)太……以致不能……

not… enough to do

prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿……而不愿…….

Would rather do than do

Sb.(主语) take turns to do sth. ……轮流做……

There is no time (for sb. ) to do sth. 对(某人来说)没时间做某事了

There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 对某人来说没必要做某事

try/do one’s best to do sth. 尽力去做某事

三、后既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况。

1. remember to do(记住去做) remember doing(记得做过) ;

2. forget to do(忘记去做) forget doing(忘记做过) ;

3. try to do(设法做) try doing(试着做) ;

4. go on to do(接着做另一事) go on doing(继续做同一事) ;

5. stop to do(停下来去做) stop doing(停止做);

四、后接动词原形的动词

1. 助动词或情态动词(do, did, does, will, shall, would, should, can, may, mus)等,后接动词原形。

2.某些固定句型接动词原形。

2.1 Will(Would)you please(not)...?请(不要)做某事好吗?

2.2 had better最好做某事

2.3 Why not...?为何不做某事

2.4 would rather (not)… 宁可(不)做某事

would rather...than...=would...rather than...

2.5在祈使语气(或口语)中。

五.动名词和动词原形都可以接的情形

1. 两看一听(see,watch,hear)等动词,后面既可跟原形又可跟动名词形式。跟动词原形时表示做过或经常做,跟动名词时表示正在做。

We saw the girl reading books at that time yesterday.

We saw the girl cross the road last night.

2. 有些动词具有不同的词义时,用法不同。

2.1 sb(主语) need/want/require to do某人(做主语)需要做某事

2.2 sth(主语) need/want/require doing= sth need to be done某事(做主语)需要被做

如:The bike needs repairing.(主动形式被动含义)

The bike needs to be repaired.

2.3 need/ dare 也可以做情态动词,后面直接跟动词原形。

You needn’t (=don’t have to) come.

Why dare you do that?

六、分词作后置定语的区别

1.过去分词作后置定语,有被动之意。

a girl called / named Lily

a place called Henan

a book written by Lu Xun

2.现在分词作后置定语,有主动之意。

There is a girl reading under the tree.

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