「中考实战演练11」中考英语总复习语法之非谓语动词
中考考点整合
非谓语动词分为动词不定式、现在分词、动名词、过去分词。
1.动词不定式的基本用法
(1)不定式的构成
不定式符号(to)+动词原形，其否定形式在to前加not，其复合结构为for (of)sb. + to do。
(2)不定式的特点
没有人称和数的变化，不能作谓语。
(3)不定式的主要用法
①不定式作宾语补足语。有些动词要带不定式作宾语补足语。这类动词：ask, tell, want, teach, would like, wish, expect, allow 等。还有些动词其后要带不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。这类动词主要有：see, notice, watch, look at, hear 以及使役动词make, let, have。
②不定式作宾语。带不定式作宾语的动词有：want, wish, decide, hope, expect, refuse, agree 等。另外有些动词带“疑问词 + to do”结构作宾语的动词有：know, find out, show 等。还有“find / feel / think it + adj. + to do ”结构。
③不定式作定语。不定式作定语时要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。
④不定式作状语。不定式作结果状语时，往往与enough或too一起使用。
⑤不定式作主语。不定式作主语时谓语用单数形式。此时往往用it来作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句子后面。如: it take sb. some time to do.
【例1】I saw Li Ming _____ near the river on my way home.
A. plays B. playing C. to play D. played
答案B
【例2】—Excuse me, could you tell me how _____ to Beijing Zoo?
—Well, you may take Bus No. 27.
A. get B. gets C. getting D. to get
答案D
2. 动名词，即动词 + ing
(1) 作主语。如：Walking is good for health.
(2) 作动词或介词的宾语。如：I enjoy dancing. 带动词-ing 作宾语的主要动词和句式有：
enjoy, finish, mind, continue, practise, consider, keep, keep on, be worth, be busy, stop …from, thanks for, be good at, have fun, have trouble, spend …doing, go on, stop, give up, avoid 等。
【例3】 —_____ a volueteer is great.
— I think so. Some of us want _____ volunteers for the London Olympics.
A. Being; being B. To be; being
C. Being; to be D. To be; to be
答案C
3.不定式和动词-ing形式的区别
在英语中，有些动词既可带不定式结构(不带to的不定式结构)作宾语(宾语补足语)，也可以带doing结构作宾语(宾语补足语)。这类动词的用法如下：
(1)带to do 或doing结构作宾语
①forget to do sth.“忘记要去做……”(事未做)
forget doing“忘记干了……”(事已做)
remember to do “记住要去做…”(未做)
remember doing “记住已做…”(已做)
②stop to do “停下来去做…”
stop doing“停止干…”
③like to do 与doing“喜欢干…”，前者指偶然性，后者指习惯性。
(2)带do或doing结构作宾语补足语
在英语中，表示感觉的及物动词，像see，watch , notice , herar等动词，它们既可带do也可带doing作宾语补足语。它们的区别在于带do 的表示动作已完成或表经常性动作，说明动作的全过程，而doing则强调动作正在进行。
【例4】—Do you hear her _____ in the next room?
— Yes. It sounds perfect.
A. sings B. to sing C.singing D. sing
答案 C
4. 现在分词和过去分词短语作定语的用法
现在分词短语作和过去分词短语作定语均放在所修饰名词的后面，现在分词表正在进行，而过去分词表被动关系。
【例5】At least 300 million people are using QQ ___ by Ma Huateng to chat on line．
A. create B. creates
C. creating D. created
答案 D
实战演练
1. —Why are you so excited?
—Peter invited me _____ on a trip to Yuntai Mountain.
A. to go B. go
C. going D. went
2. We have two rooms ______, but I can’t decide ______.
A. to live, to choose which one
B. lived, choose which one
C. to live in, which one to choose
D. live, which one
3.—What should I do, doctor?
— healthy, you should take more exercise.
A. Keep B. Keeping
C. To keep D. Having kept
4.At last the boy was made _____ and began to laugh.
A. stop crying B. to stop to cry
C. to stop crying D. stop to cry
5. —What are on show in the museum?
—Some photos _____by the children of Yushu, Qinghai.
A. have been taken B.were taken
C. are taken D. taken
6.Plan your time carefully and make sure you have some time _____ what you like every day.
A. do B. to do
C. doing D. done
7.—Mike! What are you doing there?
—Listen, Mum! Can you hear somebody_____ upstairs?
A. going B. goes
C. go D. to go
8. —What did she forget when she left for home?
—______ the book.
A . Taking B. Took
C. Take D. To take
9.—I often have hamburgers for lunch.
—You’d better not. It’ s bad for you _____ too much junk food.
A. eat B. to eat
C. eating D. ate
10.more information about the trip, you can go to www.jxtour.com.
A. Find B. Finding
C. To find D. Found
11.—Tom, you hair is too long, and you should have it _____ this weekend.
—Ok, I’ll do it this Sunday.
A. cutted B. cut
C. cutting D. to cut
12. While I was walking along the lake, I saw some fish ____ out of the water.
A. jumped B. to jump
C. jumping D. are jumping
13.—Are you going to the party _____ at Mr Smith’s home this evening?
—I will if I’m free.
A. holding B. held
C. to hold D. to be held
14. The boy spends at least as much time reading as he____.
A. writes B. is writing
C. does to write D. does writing
15.There was so much noise outside that the teacher couldn"t make herself ________．
A. hear B. heard
C. to hear D. hearing
上期动词的语态练习参考答案
1-5 DDBBD 6-10 CBBBC 11-15 CDDBD
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