易错考点——所有的句子都可以变为被动语态（速藏）
一、主动语态和被动语态概说
英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成：
Everybody likes him. 大家都喜欢他。 (主动语态)
He is liked by everybody. 他受到大家的喜欢。(被动语态)
变被动语态口诀
（1）被动语态强调“宾”，用 be加上“过去分”。
“be”要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。
“行为对象”作主语，逻辑主语“by”来引。
（2）原句若是双宾语，一变“主”来一保“宾”。
“间宾”要把主语变，原来“直宾”还是“宾”。
“直宾”要把主语变，“间宾”前加“to”最称心。
（3）唯有原“宾”是“复合”，只有变宾要当心。
原句“宾补”变“主补”，位置不必挪寸分。
（4）情态动词变“被动”，情态加be加过分。
如若“情态”后带to，变后有to才弄准。
（5）“短语动词”变“被动”，相当“及物”莫疑心。
不过其后“介”或“副”，变后还得要承认。
二、主动语态变被动语态的方法
1. 主动语态变被动语态的基本方法——记忆歌诀：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语)：
He broke the cup. → The cup was broken by him.
主语 谓语 宾语 主语 谓语 宾语【注意】若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略：
He was born in 1986. 他生于1986年。
What is this flower called? 这种花叫什么花？
变形须知：
2. 双宾动词的被动语态
含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. —— I was given a present on my birthday.
如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for，与所搭配的动词有关)，如上句还可以说：
A present was given to me yesterday.
注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：
bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell等。
2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for,如：
build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing等。
3.复合宾语变被动
带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：
(1) She told us to follow her instructions.→We were told to follow her instructions.
注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。
We often hear him play the guitar.→He is often heard to play the guitar.
4.特殊句型，主动表被动
有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook等。如：
The books sell well. (主动句)——The books were sold out. (被动句)
在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：
据说…… It is said that …
据报道…… It is reported that … It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.
据推测…… It is supposed that …
希望…… It is hoped that …
众所周知…… It is well known that …
普遍认为…… It is generally considered that …
有人建议…… It is suggested that …
下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：
第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。
(1)— Do you like the material? — Yes, it feels very soft.
误：It is felt very soft.
(2)The pop music sounds beautiful.
误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.
第二，谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如：
She had her hand burned.
误：Her hand was had burned.
第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如：
The fire broke out in the capital building.
误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.
第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。
After the earthquake, few houses remained.
误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.
第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词each other，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：
I taught myself English.
误：Myself was taught English.