实用英语语法 第八讲（形容词和副词的比较级最高级）
实用英语语法
第八讲
形容词和副词的比较级最高级
形容词副词的比较级和最高级构成
在日常生活里，我们经常听到人们进行比较，比如他成绩比我好，他家房子比我家的大，他工资比我们高；她是我们几个中最高的，中国是世界上最大的国家之一等等。那么在英语里也是一样的，只是表达时，有词形变化，我们先要掌握基本规律：
1. 单音节词，比较级一般加“er”,最高级加“est”：
slow slower the slowest
dark darker the darkest
cheap cheaper the cheapest
warm warmer the warmest
如果是以字母e结尾的，直接加“r”和“st”
safe safer the safest
large larger the largest
nice nicer the nicest
以元音+辅音结尾闭音节词的，双写辅音字母，再加加“er”,最高级加“est”：
hot hotter the hottest
big bigger the biggest
最高级在句子中，前面别忘了加定冠词“the”,副词的最高级有时可以省略“the”。
Everyone in the class worked hard, but Jane worked (the) hardest.
a kindest man 不是一个最好的人，而是“一个非常好的人”
2. 双音节词
一般辅音字母加y结尾，改y为i再加“er”,最高级加“est”:
happy happier the happiest
easy easier the easiest
dirty dirtier the dirtiest
heavy heavier the heaviest
early earlier the earlier
其他双音节词，一般在前面加“more”和“most”构成比较级和最高级:
stupid more stupid the most stupid
clever more clever the most clever
expensive more expensive the most expensive
simple more simple the most simple
即使上面这类词汇也可以, 所以如果不肯定该怎么构成比较级最高级，用more和most更安全：
funny more funny the most funny
noisy more noisy the most noisy
warmly more warmly the most warmly
3. 多音节词
一般在前面加“more”和“most”构成比较级和最高级:
beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful
comfortable more comfortable the most comfortable
4. 不规则变化：
good/well better the best
bad worse the worst
many/much more the most
little less the least
old older/elder the oldest/eldest
far farther/ further the farthest /furthest
further 可以表示 “进一步”
5. as形容词副词原形as
这是是同级比较，表示“一样...”
He is as anxious as his sister. 他和他妹妹一样焦急。
He runs as fast as a horse. 他跑得和马一样快。
She plays the piano as well as I (do). 她钢琴弹得和我一样好。
She eats not as much as her sister。她吃的没有她妹妹多。
Jack Ma is not so wealthy as Bill Gates. 马云没有比尔盖茨富有。
朋友们请注意：
1）否定结构是“not so/as ... as”
2) 否定句子，也可以用less 表达，上述句子可改为：
She eats less than her sister.
Jack Ma is less wealthy than Bill Gates.
比较级最高级的一些常见具体用法：
1. 比较级+比较级，表示“越来越...”
The horse ran faster and faster, and soon it"s out of sight.
马跑得越来越快，很快就不见了踪迹。
Learning gets harder and harder as you grow older.
年纪大了，学习就越来越困难了。
I"m becoming more and more confused about his actions.
对他的行为，我是越来越搞不懂了
2. the + 比较级...，the +比较级，表示“越...，越...”
The sooner, the better. 越快越好。
The more I know him, the more I admire him.
对他越了解，我越崇拜他。
The harder you work, the better grades you"ll achieve.
学习月努力，成绩越好。
3.比较级前面可以有修饰词，以改变语气：
常见的修饰词有：much, a lot, far, by far, rather, probably, 和half, twice等表示倍数的词。
It"s a lot/much warmer today.
今天天气暖和多了。
I"m far /much more interested in music than art.
我对音乐比对绘画感兴趣的多的多。
This is by far/ probably the best concert I"ve ever attended.
这是/可能是我听过的最棒的音乐会了。
Jingdong is one of the largest online shopping companies in China.
京东是中国最大的网上商城之一。
He earns twice as much as I (do).
他的收入是我的两倍。
4. 在一个范围内的比较，常用最高级：
Most experts say that those who exercise regularly and have balanced diet are the healthiest(most healthy).
多数的专家认为，定期锻炼饮食均衡的人身体最健康。
Shanghai is the largest city in China.
上海是中国最大的城市。
This is the most difficult subject I"ve ever learned.
这是我学过的课程中最难的了。
将一个与其他所有相比，应该用比较级：
Jeff is taller than any other in his class.
= Jeff is the tallest in his class.
Jeff 比他们班其他人都高。
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