高中英语必修2
高中英语Unit 3 Book2 发散联想词汇教学之十
发散联想 10 （ From Unit 3 Book 2 ）
simplify
Simplify simple easy effortless uncomplicated plain hard, difficult, complex, complicated, intricate
simplify vt
Simplify means to make sth plainer, easier, or less full of detail.
He tried to simplify his explanation for the children.
他设法解释得简明一些，好让孩子们听懂。
Simplify the meaning of a word简化词义，the simplified Chinese简化汉字
simple adj.
Simple means not hard or difficult to do or understand.
It doesn’t take very long to solve a simple problem.
It’s simple to ride a bike, once you learn how.
John’s directions to her house were so simple that I had no trouble following them.
Simple是指不难于做，不难于理解，解决—个简单的问题不需要花费许多时间。一旦你学会骑自行车，骑车就容易了。约翰提供的到她住所的走法很简单，我照着走没有困难．
easy adj.
Something is easy if it takes just a little work or effort to do. Some books are easy to read. It’s easy to make a cake from a cake mix. It’s easy for a stranger to go lost in a big city.
如果做某事只需要一点工作或努力，这件事是easy（的）．有的书容易读。用制糕粉来做蛋糕是容易的，陌生人在一个大城市里容易迷路.
effortless adj.
Effortless means needing little strength, energy, or thought.
Something can become effortless through practice.
Riding a horse seems effortless for an experienced rider.
Effortless是指需要很少气力，精力或思索。通过实践，某事可以变成不费力的。对一个有经验的骑手来说，骑马似乎是不费力的。
uncomplicated adj.
Uncomplicated means simple and not at all confusing.
If the instructions on a hobby kit are uncomplicated, they arc easy to figure out. Uncomplicated是指简单和毫不混淆。如果业余爱好的用具包上的说明是不复杂的，它们就容易理解。
plain adj.
Plain means dear and obvious.
The moral of that fable is as plain as day. It is plain to see that Harvey has the measles.
Plain是指清楚明了。那个寓言的寓意是十分清楚的。显而易见，哈维患有麻疹。ANTONYMS: hard, difficult, complex, complicated, intricate
反义词：hard（艰难的），difficult （困难的），complex（复杂的），
complicated（结构复杂的），intricate（错综的）
本单元语法充电：
1．现在完成时的被动态由“has/have + been +动词过去分分词”构成；常与yet，already，since等词连用；表示被动的动作始于过去，但延续至今对现在的情形产生影响或后果。本单元Reading Who Am I中反复出现了现在完成时被动语态的句子。例如：
(1) As the years have gone by, I have been made smaller and smaller. (P18)随着岁月的流逝，我被制造得越来越小。
(2)Since then, my family and I have been used by billions of people to deal with …( P18)从那时起，我和我的家庭成员被亿万人用来处理（信息）……
(3)I have truly been built to serve the human race since my birth. (P18)从我诞生以来我就被制造出来真心实意地为人类服务。
2．近年来，现在完成时被动语态也常作为一个考点，频频出现在高考中。例如：
(1)---How long ______ at this job?
----Since 1990．(2003年北京)
A. were you employed B. Have you been employed
C. Had you been employed. D. Will you be employed.
答案：B。本句意为：“你被雇佣干这份工作多长时间了？”说话者着眼于“从过去(1990年)到现在”，因此B选项符合这一语境。
(2) –The window is dirty.
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean
C. Wasn’t cleaned. D. hasn’t been cleaned
答案：D。“窗户好几个星期未擦洗”导致“窗户现在脏”的后果。
(3)Millions of pounds’ worth of damage – by a storm which swept across the north of England last night．(2005年重庆)
A. has been caused B. Had been caused
C. Will be caused. D. Will have been caused
答案：A。此句意思是“上百万英镑的损失”全是“昨晚一场横扫英格兰北部的暴雨”造成的后果。
注意：不要将现在完成时被动语态同现在完成进行时相混淆。现在完成进行时“has/have + been +动词现在分词”构成，表示一个由过去某时起一直持续的动作，这动可能刚停止，也可能还在进行。