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初中英语语法精讲之定语从句

句子大全 2023-08-16 04:33:01
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初中英语语法精讲之定语从句

定语从句,对于很多初中学生来说,是一个难点。大部分成绩中上的同学(96+/120)题目会做,但是你让他在作文中应用定语从句还是有一定难度。如果无法掌握透彻定语从句,也不用担心,毕竟中考直接考察定语从句的分值还是比较小的。思维导图:

一、基本概念

1.定语:修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的句子成分。

比如:a handsome boy, 那么我们这边的handsome 就是用来修饰名词boy的,所以handsome这个词是定语

记忆:定语是修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子。

也就是定语它只围绕着名词或代词转。

2.定语从句(relative clause):修饰名词或代词的句子(用一个句子来充当定语)。

比如:He is a boy who is handsome.

这边的who is handsome 就是定语从句,当然这个句子没有任何意义,如果出现写作中,我们会认为这是一个凑数的定语从句,像这样的简单表达我们直接用handsome形容词做定语即可(可能学生在写作中会写出这样完全没有营养的定语从句)。

I used to live in the house which was surrounded by flowers and birds. 像这样的句子就一个简单的句子来表示,所以我们会认为这是一个恰当好处的定语从句。

注意:到了系统的学了非谓语动词之后,这个句子也可以用一个简单句表示

I used to live in the house surrounded by flowers and birds.

这里就是用非谓语动词(过去分词)做定语。

3.先行词 被修饰的词

比如上文中的boy/house

注意:定语从句中的先行词一般是名词/代词(大家在记单词的时候,最好也记下单词的词性)

4.关系词(引导词)

引出定语从句的词

如:上文中的who/which

那么定语从句中,最重要的就是掌握关系词的用法

二、关系词

1.关系代词(代表先行词,在从句中作一定的成分)

在把握具体关系代词用法时,首先了解定语从句中的主语和宾语

I used to live in the housewhich was surrounded by flowers and birds.

I used to live in the housewhich my grandfather had lived in.

这两个句子中的先行词都是house,但是他们在定语从句中充当的成分是不一样的。

第一个句子Which was surrounded by flowers and birds. 这里的which其实就是指代前文中的house,在这个定语从句中The house was surrounded by flowers and birds. house 作主语。(一般来说在谓语动词前-句首,都是主语,除去倒装句)

第二个句子,我们在还原在,即 将The house my father had lived in. 修改成 My father had lived in the house.

显然,我们这里的house是作介词in的宾语(如果对于宾语不熟悉,可以去看下宾语从句这篇文章)。

通常如果先行词作宾语的话,我们的关系词可以省略,即:

I used to live in the house my father had lived in.

所以,把握主语和宾语,就能完美区分那些省略掉关系词的定语从句。

1.1 who

一般而言,关系代词为who时,先行词是人,可以作主语、宾语

I really admire those people who have acchievd great success.

I can"t help those people who I hate. (宾语)

1.2 whom 作宾语

I can"t help those people whom I hate.

1.3 that 先行词既可以是人,也可以是物,可以作主语、宾语

I really admire those people who have acchievd great success.

I can"t help those people who I hate.

补充:He is the hero of whom we are proud.

像这种如果有介词的话,我们只能用whom,初中考察的比较少,了解即可

1.4 which 指代物 可作主语、宾语

I used to live in the house which was surrounded by flowers and birds

1.5 whose 指代人/物,作定语

I used live in the house whose wall was painted into green.

He is the hero whose father is our English teacher.

补充:

由于that和which,均可以修饰物,有些情况只用that,不用which(了解即可)

1.先行词由all, much, little, few, something 等不定代词修饰或先行词本身是不定代词

There is nothingthat we can do.

2.先行词有the only, the same, the very等修饰时

This is the onlymusic that I love.

3.先行词有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时

This is the best film that I have ever seen.

4.先行词既指人又指物

We talked about the person and thingsthat we remembered.

如果考察的话,前面三种比较多(初中阶段,平时模拟题会出现)

2.关系副词 作状语

关系副词一般在从句中作状语,也就是说从句不缺主语、宾语

2.1 when 先行词表示时间

I will never forget the day when we stayed together.

比较:

I will never forget the day that/which we spent together.

问题:先行词同样是 the day,为什么一个用when,一个用that/which?

2.2 where 先行词表地点

I will never forget the village where we stayed together.

I will never forget the village that/which is in the east of China.

问题:先行词同样是 the village,为什么一个用where,一个用that/which?

2.3 why 先行词一般为the reason

Can you explain the reason why you are late again?

难点:关系副词和介词+which替换

在上述句子中我们可以用相应的介词+which和关系副词替换

一般而言why=for which

when=in/on...+which

where=in/on...+which

具体介词选择则取决于先行词

I will never forget the village where (in which)we stayed together.

对于初中学生来说,定语从句难点在于关系副词这块,因为很多学生区分不了到底是不是作状语。一般而言,实际考察多半考察的都是关系代词,所以关系代词的用法一定搞清楚,如果实在不知道填什么,那就填that,填that的正确率要高些

关于定语从句,大家有什么问题,可以给我留言!

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