期中考试必考——英语八下各单元知识点(四A)
Unit4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
PartA
一. 重要词汇和句型
1. allow
allow作动词,意为“允许”。用法如下:
(1)allow sth.意为“允许某事的发生”。例如:
I can’t allow such a thing.
我不允许发生这样的事。
(2)allow doing sth.意为“允许做某事”。例如:
We don’t allow smoking here.
我们不允许在此抽烟。
(3)allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。例如:
Her father would not allow her to eat sweets.
她父亲不允许她吃糖果。
(4)allow-物(尤指钱或时间);让某人有(拥用或带有)某物”。例如:
We’ll allow you time to answer.
我们将给你回答的时间。
2. get on with
get on意为“相处,进展”,也可用get along,其后接介词with。get on with sb. 意为“与某人和睦相处/关系良好”;get on well/badly with sth. 意为“某事进展顺利/不好”。例如:
He gets on (well) with his classmates.
他和同学们相处融洽。
【拓展】
get on 还有“上车”的意思,后面常接bus; train等表示交通工具的词;反义词为get off。例如:
The old man got on/ off the bus slowly.
那位老人慢慢地上/下了公共汽车。
3. argue
argue作动词,意为“争论,争吵”。常用短语为:
argue with sb. 与某人争吵
argue about/on sth. 争辩某事
argue for/against sth. 为赞成/反对某事而辩论
argue对应的名词为argument,常用词组为:have an argument with sb. about/on sth. 因某事与某人争论。例如:
I had an argument with my best friend last week.
上星期我与我最好的朋友吵了一架。
【拓展】
argue与discuss的辨析:
(1)argue着重于自己的看法、立场,提出论据,以理说服他人。例如:
There is no need arguing about the matter.
不必就此事辩论了。
(2)discuss重在交换意见,进行讨论,不含有说服对方的成分。例如:
We’re going to discuss the question.
我们打算讨论这个问题。
4. instead
(1) 位于句首, 表示 “ 反而, 相反”,用逗号隔开,常用作状语。
The boy didn’t sing to the music . Instead , he sang his own way .
( 2 ) 位于句尾, 表示 “ 作为代替, 而是”
I don’t like this one , please give me that instead .
instead of 表示 “ 代替, 而不是”后面可以跟与前面并列成分相应的名 词、代词、动词-ing形式等作为介词宾语。例如:
He went to the cinema instead of going to school.
他去了电影院而不是学校。
5. offer
(1)offer 作动词,意为“给予;提供;提出”。例如:
Offer some coffee to the guests.
给客人端些咖啡来。
(2)offer to do sth. 表示“愿意做某事;主动提出做某事”。例如:
She offered to drive me to the station.
她表示愿意开车送我去车站。
6. explain
explain是动词,意为“解释,说明,阐明”。其用法如下:
(1)explain sth. to sb.意为“向某人解释某事”。例如:
Please explain that rule to me.
请把这条规则给我讲一讲。
(2)“explain (to sb.) + 疑问词 + 从句”意为“向某人解释……”。例如:
Please explain to me what this means.
请向我解释这是什么意思。
(3)“explain + that从句” 意为“解释……”。例如:
He explained that we could no longer stay.
他解释说我们不能再待下去了。
【注意】
explain后面不能接双宾语,在接间接宾语sb.时,前面应加介词to,即explain sth. to sb.
7. compare
(1)compare作动词,意为“比较,对照”,常与with连用。例如:
My handwriting can not be compared with my father’s.
我的书法不能与我父亲的相比。
If you compare the two books, you will see that this one is better.
如果你比较一下这两本书,你会发现这一本好一些。
(2)compare作动词,还用作比喻意义,意为“比作”。例如:
Man’s life is often compared to a candle.
人生常被比为蜡烛。
8. push
push作动词,意为“推动;挤;鞭策;督促”。例如:
The little boy pushed the door open.
小男孩把门推开了。
You’d better not push me for an answer to your request.
你最好不要催促我答复你的请求。
9. get
( 1 ) 买 get sth. for sb. == get sb. sth. 为某人买某物
Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping ?
= Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping ?
( 2 ) 得到, 到达
When did you get the letter ? He got home late last night .
(3) 使, 让 get + 宾语 + 宾补 使某人\ 某物 怎么样
Get your mouth closed .
get sb. to do sth. 使某人\ 某物做某事
I got him to call Jim yesterday .
(4) ( 逐渐) 变得…
The weather gets warmer and days get longer .
10. how about \ what about 后跟名词\ 代词\ 动词ing形式。
( 1) 向对方提出建议或请求
How about going out for a walk ?How about something to eat ?
(2) 向对方征求意见或看法
How about the TV play ? How about buying the house now ?
( 3 ) 询问天气或身体情况
How about the weather in Hainan Island ?
How about your parents ?
( 4 ) 谈话中承接上下文
I’m from Beijing . How about you ?
11. receive 收到
The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday .
receive a letter from == get a letter from == heard from收到某人 的信
12.accept 接受
I received an invitation to the party , but I refused to accept it .
13. a 6--year – old child 一个六岁的孩子
6--year – old 是由 “数词 +名词 + 形容词 ” 构成的复合形容词, 作前置定语,
修饰后面的名词child .
数词+名词+形容词 构成的复合形容词,中间的名词要用单数形式:
a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩
a six-foot-deep hole 一个六英尺深的洞
a two-meter-long ruler 一把两米长的尺子
a 100-meter race一场百米赛跑
a ten-story-high building 一栋十层高的楼房
a two-inch-thick dictionary一本两英寸厚的词典
14. too … to… 太…… 而不能 ……
too 后跟形容词或副词原形, to 后跟动词原形,构成不定式. 句子的主语与
动词不定的主语不一时, 可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语for sb.
The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out .
表示否定意义的never \ not 和too … to… 连用时表达肯定一样.
One is never too old to learn .
too … to… 可以与 enough to 和 so… that … 转换.
与enough to转换 时, enough 前的形容词, 副词必须是too 后面形容词,
副词的反义词, 并使用其否定句式.
She is too young to do the work .
= she isn’t old enough to do the work .
与 so… that … 转换时, that 后面的从句要用否定形式.
Tom is too tired to walk any farther .
= Tom is so tired that he can’t walk any farther .
15. cost
(1) 动词 , 花费 \ 价值 (多少钱 )
How much did it cost ?
The meal cost us about 100 yuan .
(2 ) 名词 , 成本, 费用, 价钱.
at all costs不惜任何代价; at the cost of 以 …… 为代价.
We must stop it at all costs .
After the earthquake , the soldiers tried to reach the area at the
cost of their lives .
16. pay , spend , cost , take 的区别
pay 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是人.
Sb. pay some money for sth.
I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week .
Spend 花费 ( 多少钱或时间 ),主语是人.
Sb. spend some money on sth.
Sb. spend some time ( in ) doing sth.
She spent 2 hours ( in ) doing her homework .
cost 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是物.
Sth. cost sb. some money .
This jacket cost him 200 dollars .
take 花费 (时间 ),
It takes sb. some time to do sth .
花费某人多少时间做某事
It takes me 10 minutes to walk to school from home .
本单元近义词单词辨析比较多,这些词汇又是我们中考考试常考点,所以我把本单元知识点分为A&B两个部分,同学们要学会辨析,轻易得分!