2020年高考英语全国卷一阅读理解C长难句解析

难句解析一：

Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.

解析：本句中while意为“尽管、虽然”，most likely意为“很有可能”， contributing to fewer injuries意为“造成更少伤害”。

Share…with意为“分享、共有”，此处表示竞走和跑步共有很多健康好处，也就是说，在健康好处方面，竞走和跑步是一样的。

整句话的意思就是“尽管很可能竞走对身体的损伤更少，但是研究表明，在对健康的好处方面，竞走和跑步是一样的。”

难句解析二：

But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times.

解析：本句中谓语动词是require，意为要求，后面跟宾语从句，从句要求动词使用（should）+do（动词原形）。

and连接两个并列的宾语从句，第一个宾语从句“that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing”，意为“竞走运动员的膝盖要在几乎整个摆腿的过程中保持绷直”，其中“swing”是名词，这里指腿的摆动。第二个宾语从句为“one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times”，意为“全程要有一只脚和地面保持接触”。

整个句子的意思理解为：但是这项运动的规则要求：竞走运动员的膝盖要在几乎整个摆腿的过程中保持绷直，并且全程要有一只脚和地面保持接触。

难句解析三：

It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.

解析：however之前是it is …that…强调句型，强调主语（this strange form），句意为“正是这种奇特的形式使得竞走运动成为一项如此有魅力的活动”。

Assistant professor意为“助理教授”，地位介于教授和讲师之间。

难句解析四：

According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.

解析：本句较长，含有两个非限制性定语从句。主句为race walkers would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour，moving at a pace of six miles per hour为后置定语，修饰主语race walker，意为“以时速6英里行走的（竞走运动员）”。

第一个非限制性定语从句which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running，对主句中的“about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour”进行解释说明，即“这一数据虽然比跑步消耗的卡路里少，但却大约是他们步行时所消耗的卡路里的两倍”。

第二个非限制性定语从句which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.其实附属于第一个非限制性定语从句，对前面的running进行解释说明。

整个句子可以分成三部分理解，即①主句、②第一个非限制性定语从句、③第二个非限制性定语从句，整句可以翻译为三个句子：①根据大多数的计算结果，以时速6英里的速度竞走的运动员，每小时会消耗大约800卡路里。②这一数据虽然比跑步消耗的卡路里少，但却大约是他们步行时所消耗的卡路里的两倍。③跑步每小时消耗大约1000卡路里或者更多。