英语中词汇的定义 类别（构成和形式）

词汇的定义，类别，构成和形式

在这篇文章中，我们将看到英语中各种不同类型的词汇。我们将通过查看不同的单词类和单词形式，并通过查看不同的示例来进一步展示每种类型的用法。

词汇

词义

英语中的单词可以有多种形式，构成了整个语言的词汇。

词类

英语共有四个主要和五个次要的单词类别，总计九个。这些词类如下：

Verbs – words which describe an action for example walk, make, breathe, cook.Nouns – words which name an item or thing, for example, city, mountain, bicycle, dog.Adjectives – words which describe nouns, for example clever, large, funny, round.Adverbs – words that modify other word classes such as nouns or verbs, for example bravely, quickly, totally, awkwardly.Prepositions – these words are used to express a relation to another word, usually a noun, for example after, before, near, of.Pronouns – words which name a person, for example me, he, they, Martin.Interjections – word without any grammatical meaning or value, for example hey, uh, boo, aw.Determiner – a word which decides the reference a noun has, for example his, their, its, my, many, few.Conjunction – words which connect two clauses, for example because, but, and, for.

词的构成

英语中的每个单词都不同的形式，取决于你想如何表达这个单词，使用那种时态以及其他因素取决于单词的结构。例如，eat的动词可以通过以下方式形成：eat, eats, eaten, ate。 各个类中的许多单词也是如此，让我们来看另一个示例，形容词blank，这个词可能有以下几种形式：blank, blankly, blankest, blanker。

单词形式

单词形式是语言中单词可能存在的各种方式。一个单词可能会被视为一种以上的单词类别，具体取决于其种类和用途。为了进一步理解这个概念，让我们看一个例子。

“follows”这个词可以有多种不同的形式，如下所示：

beautiful – adjective – The woman in the painting was extremely beautiful.beautify – verb – I am going to beautify this photo to make it look its best.beautifully – adverb – She performed that song beautifully.

单词形式通常属于它们自己的类别。现在，我们现在来看看英语中常见的不同类型的单词形式。

前缀

前缀是一组字母，位于单词的主部分或词根之前，因此赋予新的或修改过的含义。让我们来看看常见的前缀及其用法示例。

dis – examples of the use of the prefix can be seen in the following words: disappear, disjoint, disembark, disappoint. The meaning of the prefix is the opposite of something, or the reverse meaning of something.ex – examples of the use of the prefix ex can be seen in the following words: exhale, extreme, excite. The meaning of the prefix is out of, former or away from.il – examples of the use of this prefix can be seen in the following words: illegal, illegitimate, illogical. The meaning of the prefix is not.mis – examples of the use of the prefix can be seen in the following words: mistake, misshapen, misunderstood. The meaning of the prefix is wrong or bad.pro – examples of the use of the prefix can be seen in the following words: progress, production, program. The meaning of the prefix is for or before.

后缀

后缀是前缀的反义词，是一组字母，可以加到一个单词的末尾，以改变或修改其含义。让我们来看一些英语中经常使用的后缀。

able – examples of the use of the suffix can be seen in the following words: comfortable, renewable, durable. The meaning of the suffix is having a quality of or being able to.al – examples of the suffix can be seen in the following words: comical, biannual. clerical. The meaning of the suffix is in relation to something.est – examples of the suffix can be seen in the following words: smallest, cleverest highest. The suffix refers to a superlative.ing – examples of the suffix can be seen in the following words: taking, jumping, holding. The suffix denotes an action which is occurring.ness – examples of the suffix can be seen in the following words: kindness, boldness, harshness. The suffix refers to the condition of something.

缩略形式

缩写是一个单词的缩写形式，是英语语言中常见的语法对象。现在我们来看看一些常见的缩写和它们的含义：

it’s – meaning it is.they’re – meaning they are.I’m – meaning I am.he’s/she’s – meaning he is/she is.gonna – meaning going to.aren’t – meaning are not.isn’t – meaning is not.could’ve – meaning could havemusn’t – meaning must not.

Wh疑问词

有以字母wh开头的疑问词，放在句子的开头是疑问词。让我们来看看这些单词的例句以及它们的用法。

Who? – Who is that man in the car?Where? – Where are you going on your holiday?What? – What are you doing with that bag?When? – When do you start work?Why? – Why did you eat my muffin?How? – How are you? (Whilst the placement of the letter wh differs in this word, it still falls into the same category.)

在这篇文章的最后一部分，我们将会看到更多的例子，这些例子可以作为英语口语或写作时的参考：

Nouns – table, lamp, door, America, China, car, street, alphabet, ocean.Verbs – run, swim, work, love, eat, bite, race, dance.Adjective – dark, cold, white, big, tiny, cute, pink.Adverb – slowly, quickly, coldly, effectively, dangerously, hardly, rapidly.Preposition – about, according to, because, toward, per, in spite of, beneath.Pronoun – her, he, me, you, they, their, his, her.Interjection – alas, ah, oh, uh, hey, uh-oh, crikey.Determiner – a, an, the, my, your, most, all, any, few.Conjunction – but, although, since, yet, until, where, while.

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