简单学非谓语动词
非谓语动词，顾名思义,在句子中不能作谓语,而是担任主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语等的动词,叫做非谓语动词 。
1.非谓语动词的分类 ：
不定式( infinitive) to do
分词 ( participle) doing/done
动名词( gerund) doing
2.非谓语动词的特点
1)不能单独做谓语,但可和助动词或情态动词组成谓语
2)具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语或状语
3)连系动词的非谓语动词形式后还可以带表语
3. 非谓语动词的形式变化:
①不定式
主动/被动 to do /to be done
进行 to be doing /to be being done
完成 to have done /to have been done
完成进行 to have been doing
② 现在分词 /动名词
主动/被动 doing /being done
完成 having done / having been done
③ 过去分词 一般 done
4. 谓语动词还是非谓语动词的判定
句子中某一动词究竟是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,需要根据句子的意义和结构，从标点、连词、句子成分和插入语等方面进行判定，要点归纳如下:
①在一个句子中,两个动词之间有逗号无连词,其中一个应为非谓语。(但应该注意并列谓语的形式。)
②非谓语和句子之间、从句和主句之间一般不能有并列连词and/but等。
③祈使句+and/or+句子。 (一般有从句就有主句
④句号、破折号、冒号、分号等相当于连词and等
⑤做题时去掉插入语 do you suppose等。
5. 不定式用法
一般来说，不定式具有名词，形容词和副词的词性，它在句子中可以做除了谓语之外的任何成分，表示将要发生的事或表示目的，它有自己的时态和语态的变化。
①主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very
hard.
②宾语：
I want to go home.
③表语：
Her job is to clean the hall.
④宾语补足语：
I saw him cross the road.
She was told not to be worrying any
more.
⑤定语：
I have a meeting to attend.
The matter to be discussed at the
meeting is a hard nut to crack.
⑥同位语：
His dream, to become a millionaire,
wasn’t realized after all.
⑦状语
We came here to study.
6. 动名词用法
一般来说，动名词具有名词和形容词的词性，因此在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语和定语成分，有自己的时态和语态。
①主语
Teaching English is my job.
Being exposed to much sunlight is good for health.
②表语
My job is teaching English .
③宾语
He enjoys reading novels.
I regretted having lied to you.
④定语
Our washing machine is running now.
7.分词的用法
分词具有形容词和副词词性，在句子中充当定语从句和状语成分，现在分词doing表示主语主动发出的动作，过去分词done表示被动发生的动作。
①定语
The falling leaves were flying in the sky.
The ground was covered with fallen
leaves.
②状语
Scratching the cat, the boy smiled.
Scratched by the cat, the boy cried.
Being gnawed by the lion, the antelope
lay hopelessly still.
Having been robbed, he got up and
dialed 911.
8. 用好分词关键考虑两步。
第一考虑逻辑主语一致的原则
运用非谓语的公式：S + V1, X，
时要求 S + V1, X 中X和V1的主语都是句子的主语S，如果主语发出分词的动作就用现在分词 ,如果主语接受分词的动作就用过去分词
第二考虑分词和主句谓语的关系来确定分词是一般式还是完成式。如果分词的动作和谓语的动作同时发生用一股式,如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前就用完成式。
例如
Having finished work, he went home.
本句主语是he,主动完成工作，又在went
home 之前完成 故用 doing 完成时having
finished
9.分词加上自己的主语叫做独立主格结构，有时借助于介词with，构成with 的复合结构。
Dog sitting in front of the door, the little
girl dared not move.
With many issues to deal with, the new
president will have a hard time.