中考语法知识之there be(句型)
there be 句型用法详解
there be 句型用以表达“某处(或某时)有某人(或某物)”。
There is a football under the chair
椅子下面有一个足球。
There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.
书桌上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。
1.肯定式:There be+主语+地点/时间状语
There is a boy beside the tree.树旁边有个男孩。
There are forty students in the classroom.
教室里有40个学生。
(1)如果there be之后是并列的主语且第一个主语又是单数名词,按就近原则确定be的单复数形式。
There is a book,three pencils and some erasers on thedesk.
课桌上有一本书、三支铅笔和一些橡皮。
There are two boys and a teacher in the room.
房间里有两个男孩和一位老师。
(2)there be表示“某地或某时存在某人或某物”,而have则表示“某人或某地方拥有某物”,表示“所有、拥有关系”。
There are fourteen books in her schoolbag.
她书包里有14本书。(只表示存在)
Our school has a bus.
我们学校有一辆校车。(表示拥有这一财产)
温馨提示
若是部分与整体的关系,有时用两种表达方式都可以。
A week has seven days. = There are seven days in aweek.一周有七天。
2.否定式:There be+not+主语+其他
There isn"t any meat in the fridge.
冰箱里没有肉了。
There aren"t any pens in the shop.商店里没有钢笔。
3.一般疑问句结构及其答语
Is/Are+there+主语+其他?
No,there isn"t/aren"t.
Yes,there is/are.
4.特殊疑问句结构:特殊疑问词+be+there+其他?
how many对可数名词提问,可数名词在问句中必用复数。
How many+可数名词复数形式+are there +其他?
How much对不可数名词提问,不可数名词用单数形式,所以一般用is
How much +不可数名词+is there+其他?
How many students are there in your school?
你们学校有多少学生?
There are 2,000.
有两千人。
How much water is there in the bottle?
瓶子里有多少水?
There is a little.
一点点
温馨提示
当主语是人时,用“Who"s+介词短语?”;当主语是物时,用“What"s+介词短语?”。其中 there在口语中常常省略。无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对其提问时一般都用be的单数形式,回答时却要根据实际情况来定。
What"s in the tree? 树上有什么?
There is a bird in the tree.树上有只鸟。
What"s over there? 那儿是什么?
There are some bikes over there.-那儿有一些自行车。
5.一般将来时结构:There will be 或There be going to be
There is going to be a football game tomorrow.
明天将有一场足球赛。
There will be a concert on Saturday.
周六将有一场音乐会。
6.There与be中间可插入一些表示推测的情态动词,以强调某种语气。
There must be some flowers in the box.
盒子里肯定有些鲜花。
7.there be+名词+现在分词
使用现在分词表示动作正在进行。
There is someone waiting for him.有个人在等他。
There was a man standing in front of me.
我前面站着一个男人。
有时现在分词不表示动作正在进行,而表示一种状态。
There is a door leading to the garden.有一扇门通往花园。
There"s a dog lying on the floor.地上躺着一条狗。
8.there be+名词+不定式
使用不定式表示该动作尚未发生。
There is nobody to look after the child.
没有人来照顾这个孩子。
There is a large crowd to see him off.
有一大群人要去给他送行。