英语语法之定语从句的先行词作状语
在上一篇我们讨论过先行词是人和物的固定搭配情况。
那么这篇文章主要讲定语从句的先行词分别是时间、地点、原因、方式,则做时间、地点、原因、方式状语的情况。
先行词的固定搭配
先行词是时间,则引导词使用:when
先行词是地点,则引导词使用:where
先行词是原因,则引导词使用:why
举例
Do you remember the days which/thatwe spent in the country?
(这里的days做宾语,we spent days,我们度过日子。先行词作宾语,且是物,所以用which/that)
(spend-spent-spent-spending-spends)
定语从句之when:Do you remember the days when we stayed toghther?
(we stay,我们待着。所以即使这里的days不存在,这个意思也可以表达清楚,所以不作宾语的成分,而是时间状语的成分。)
简单来说就是spend及物,stay不及物。所以spend+day:spend days,度过的日子;而stay后面不加任何东西也可以表达一个完整的意思:stay待着。
定语从句之whereI know the house where we stayed .
定语从句之whyI know the reason why he did not go shopping.
先行词是句子
如果定语从句的先行词是句子,那么可以用as/which来引导。
其中as多用来引导被动语句,常见位置在句首和句中:正如;which多用来引导主动语句,常见位置在句中。
Asis known to all,failure is the mother of success.(模板句,高考或者四六级考试中经常用到)
(as is known to all,众所周知;failure,失败;success,成功)
He failed the exam,aswe expected.
He can speak English,whichsurprises Linda.