某些主动句变被动句的变法

1.陈述句的谓语为相当于及物动词的动词短语时，变成被动句不能把动词短语拆开，它是一个不可分割的词组，动词短语有四类，其被动句的变法如下：

①动词+介词

My wife looks after the child.我爱人照顾孩子。

The child is looked after by my wife.

②动词+副词

We must hand down the revolutionary traditions from generation to generation.我们一定要把革命传统一代一代传下去。

Revolutionary traditions must be handed down from generation to generation.

③动词+副词+介词

We look up to the teacher.我们尊敬老师。

The teacher is looked up to by us.

④动词+名词+介词

谓语为动词+名词+介词的动词短语变成被动结构有两种形式。第一种形式把这种动词短语看成一个整体，把介词后的宾语变成被动句的主语。这是常见的一种变法。

We have made considerable use of these data.我们已充分利用这些资料。

These data have been made considerable use of by us.

另一种变法形式是把这种动词短语中的名词变成被动句的主语，其动词变成相对应的被动形式，介词仍跟在其后。这种变法形式不如前一种变法普通常用。

We must pay close attention to the sentence structure.

Close attention must be paid to the sentence structure.我们十分注意句子的结构。

2.陈述句的谓语为动作动词+ oneself时，其被动式表状态，变法为：

主语+be+过去分词

She dressed herself in red.她穿的红色衣服。

She was dressed in red.

3.肯定祈使句其被动式为：

let+宾语+be+过去分词

Open the door.打开门。

Let the door be opened.

4.否定祈使句其被动式为：

Don"t let+宾语+be+过去分词

Don"t make the experiment.别做这个实验。

Dont let the experiment be made.

须指出由let引出第一人称、第三人称的祈使句的被动式为：

①肯定被动式

let+宾语+be+过去分词+by+人称代词宾格

Let him do such a job.让他干这种话。

Let such a job be done by him.

②否定被动式

Don"t let+宾语+be+过去分词+by+人称代词宾格

Don"t let her read that kind of book.不要让她读那种书。

Don"t let that kind of book be read by her.

5.疑间代词引导的特殊疑问句，其被动式为：

疑问代词+be+过去分词+by+原主语

What did he do last night?昨晚他干了啥?

What was done by him last night?

Whom did you see yesterday morning?昨天上午你看见了谁?

Who was seen by you yesterday morning?

6.疑问代词作主语的疑问句，其被动式为：

By+原主语+be+宾语+过去分词

Who translated this novel?谁译的这本小说?

By whom was this novel translated?

7.带that宾语从句的主从句，其被动式为：

①It+be+(主句谓语动词的)过去分词+that宾语从句

People say that women live longer than men.人们说女人比男人活得长。

It is said that women live longer than men.

②宾语从句的主语+be+主句谓语动词的过去分词+宾语从句的谓语部分变成的相应不定式

They believe that he is honesty.他们相信他是诚实的。

It is believed that he is honesty.

He is believed to be honesty.

★★★★★要学习更多的英语基础知识，请关注我的百家号——沱江小弄潮。