彻底掌握中考非谓语动词专项考点（一学就会）

一、非谓语动词特征和分类

1. 非谓语动词就是在句子中不作谓语的动词。谓语动词要体现句子的时态和人称方面的变化，而

非谓语动词不用。

如：The girl likes reading books. 这个女孩子喜欢读书。

该句中，主语the girl，谓语动词like体现主语人称和时态变化，所以用三单形式（likes）。因为本

句已有谓语动词like,那么read只能作为非谓语动词，成为谓语动词的一个成分（此处是宾语）。

2. 非谓语动词包括动词不定式（to do sth.），动名词（v-ing）以及分词（现在分词doing和过去分词done）。目前，中考英语对分词仅要求了解，不要求掌握。

二、动词不定式（to do）的用法

1. 作主语：

To stay up late does harm to your health.

To eat more fresh vegetables is good for students.

备注1：动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换。

Staying up late does harm to your health.

Eating more fresh vegetables is good for students.

备注2：动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，不定式作为真正主语放在后面。

It’s harmful for you to stay up late.

It is good for students to eat more fresh vegetables.

2. 作表语：

Our main task now is to find a hotel to live in.

3. 作宾语：

(1)用作及物动词的宾语，这些动词常考的有：

want, begin/start, like/love, forget/remember, learn/teach, decide, hope, agree, plan, expect, manage, fail, offer, promise, refuse, pretend等。

如：He refused to go to see a movie with us.

(2)还可用作双宾的形式，这些动词常考的有：

ask / tell / warn / wish / expect / order / force / encourage / allow / invite / wish / would like +sb. to sth.

如：Lucy asked her dad to turn off the radio. She had to finish her homework first.

4. 作定语：

如：I have some good friends to talk with here.

△ 这种不定式与它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果这个不定式是不及物动词，它后面就

要有必要的介词。此处，talk with (…) friends, with必不可少。

基础训练：4.1 There is nothing serious to worry______.

4.2 He has no room to live ______.

4.3 I’d like a peiece of paper to write _______.

5. 作状语：

I came here to tell you about it. （目的）

I’m sorry to hear that. （原因）

Tom is not old enough to go to school. （结果）

To catch the first bus, he got up very early this morning. （目的）

6. 作宾语补足语

动词不定式作宾语补足语，加不加to是中考考察的难点和热点。分为如下三种情况：

A．不带to。使役动词make/ let/have，感官动词see/watch/notice/hear/feel（三看一听一感觉），共八个词，接宾语补足语时不加to。

如：We saw her playing the piano last night when we arrived at her home.

B． 带不带to，均可。此类动词只有help。

如：Thanks for helping me (to) learn English well.

C．带to。除以上九个词之外，其余动词接动词不定式作宾补时，必须加to。

My dad invited his friends to go camping last month.

7. “疑问词+不定式”结构

疑问词who, what, when, where, how, which等后接不定式，构成不定式短语。在句中作主语，宾语，表语等。

Where to go on vacation hasn’t been decided.（主语）

I don’t know when to start for sure. （宾语）

The problem is how to operate the new machine. （表语）

难点练习：

①I don’t know to get here.

②I don’t know ____ to do next.

A. what B. how