浙江专升本——专升本英语从句之定语从句
定语从句
一. 定义
在主句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，也叫形容词性从句。The book on the desk is borrowed from Mary.The book which you are reading is borrowed from Mary.
二.连接词
1.关系代词引导的定语从句
Is he the man who/thatwants to see you?He is the man whom/who/that I saw yesterday.The book which/that you are reading is borrowed from Mary.We all rushed over to help the man whose(代替the man’s) car had broken down.注意：as 在引导限定性定语从句时现行词之前必须出现such或the same，都则要换用其他关系代词。Such people as recommended by him are reliable.This is the same book as I read last week.2.关系代词that 与which的使用区别1）只使用which的情况a） 引导非限定性定语从句时。The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.b） 当关系代词前有介词时This is the city in which I lived in 3 years ago.2） 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a）当先行词是：anything, nothing，all, much, few, any, little或被它们修饰时All that is needed is 500 dollars.b）先行词有the only（唯一的）, the very（恰恰，就是）修饰时This is the very book that I am looking for.c）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时或被它们修饰时This is the tallest buildingthat I have ever seen.d） 先行词既有人，又有物时。The writer and his novels that you are talking about are very famous in America. 3.关系副词引导的定语从句1）关系副词：when, where, why
This is the city which I lived in .This is the city where I lived.October the 1 st 1949is the day when the PRC was founded.Is this the reason why he refused our help?2）关系副词与介词+关系代词在定语从句中关系副词大多数情况下都可以改写成介词+which的结构where ： in which ， on which, at which---when : in which, on which ---why ： for whichThis is the city where （in which）I lived.October the 1 st 1949is the day when (on which) the PRC was founded.
三.限制性和非限制性定语从句
1. 区别：1）限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。I have a father who can speak Japanese.我有一个会说日语的父亲（暗示不只有一个父亲）I have a father, who can speak Japanese.我有一个父亲，我的这个父亲会说日语。（只暗示我有一个父亲）2）非限制性定语从句可以修饰整个主句，限定性定语从句不可以。He did not pass the exam, which made his father very angry.（which指代整个主句He did not pass the exam.）注意：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定2.as, which 非限定性定语从句时的区别（1） 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句。 As从句通常放在主句前，但也可以放在主句后， which从句只能放在主句后面。An earthquake happened in Sichuan Province, which/as we read in the newspapers.（2） as 有正如--，就像---之意，which 没有（3） He did not pass the exam, which made his father very angry. (只能用which)