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情态动词Modals用法大全(中小学英语)

句子大全 2023-11-02 02:57:01
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一、 情态动词基本知识:

1. 主要的情态动词有:

must, will, would, should, can, could, may, might, shall, should

另外属于情态动词还有:

ought to, have to, used to, need, dare, had better, would rather, might as well

2. 情态动词+动词原形共同构成谓语,用来表现各式各样的语气或态度,不能单独使用。

3. 情态动词主要有两种用法

同样一个情态动词,可能有两种不同的用法。以下面这两个句子为例:

1. You must do your homework more carefully.

你做作业必须更仔细。

2. John must be very careless.

约翰一定是很粗心。

情态动词用在第1句的这种情况,可以表达意愿、义务、责任、能力、许可等等。这可以称为情态动词的「一般用法」。

如果用在第2句的情况,则是用来「表示猜测」。

二、 情态动词一般用法

1. must / mustn"t 表示「义务,说话人主观认为非常重要的事」

没有时态变化,没有第三人称单数形式“-s”

mustn"t是can的否定形式, 正式和书面语用must not。

疑问形式:must I, must you等. We must all keep together.

我们一定不能走散。(现在时间)

He said we must all keep together.

他说我们一定不能走散。(过去时间)

have to / has to 必须,不得不 表示需要,规定或别人要求我们做的事。

Children have to start school when they are seven.

孩子们七岁就得开始上学。 Baby birds have to learn how to fly or they won "t survive.

雏鸟必须学会飞翔,否则就活不下去了。 Do we have to buy another ticket to see this part of the castle?

我们要再买一张票才能看到城堡的这一部分吗? I don "t have to go to work tomorrow.

我明天不必去上班。 An ancient times athletes didn"t have to take drugs tests.

古代的运动员不必做毒品测试。

第一人称 I must and I have to意义差别不大. Sorry, I really have to go now.

对不起,我真的得走了。

Sorry, I really must go now!

对不起,我真的要走了!

其他句子里往往有所区别.

You must be more careful!

你必须更加小心!(= 说话人的个人意见)

We have to wear safety goggles.

我们得戴护目镜。(= 规定)

疑问句中have to 比must更常用. Do I have to sit here?

我必须坐这儿吗? mustn"t和don"t have to

意思完全不同。

mustn"t表示“禁止”做某事

don"t have to 表示“没必要”做某事 You mustn"t throw things in the science lab! It"s dangerous!

你不能把东西扔进在科学实验室! 这很危险! You mustn"t use a pencil.

你不能用铅笔。 You don"t have to use a pen.

你不必用钢笔。

You don"t have to come tomorrow.

明天你不必来。

2. will / would

表示「愿意,决心,承诺」时,will/would属于情态动词,和单纯表示「将来时」的助动词不一样。这一对语气助动词在一般用法中具有时态的差别,例如:

I will have my own way.

我决定照自己的意思做。(现在时间的未来)

He said he would have his own way.

他说他决定照自己的意思做。(过去时间的未来)

不过,would这种拼法却也可以用在「现在时间」,例如:

Would you like a cup of coffee? 要来杯咖啡吗?

这时候用would并不是表示过去时间,而是很「客气」地询问对方的意愿。

3. shall /should/ought to

当我们觉得对的,不错的,好主意时,用should, ought to 表示“应该”。

语气没有must重. We should always be on time.

我们应该一直保持准时的习惯。(现在时间)

He said we should leave early, and we did.

他说我们应该早点动身,我们也照办了。(过去时间)

You shouldn"t talk too much.

你不该说得太多。 建议。 I think you should study biology next year.

我认为你明年应该学习生物学。 ought to / ought not to 相当于 should / should not.

I think you ought to apologize to him.

我想你应该向他道歉。

Ought we to go?

我们应该去吗?

You oughtn"t to have done that.

那件事你实在不该做的。

Shall通常只用于shall I, shall we这种以第一人称「询问对方意愿」,例如:

Shall we go now?

我们是不是该动身了?

Shall I turn on the light? Yes, please. 另外,shall也可以用相当正式的语气表达说话者强烈的决心,例如:

The enemy shall not pass!

绝对不容敌人通过!(我绝不会让敌人通过)

4. can/could

一般表示「有能力,有权利」。它具有现在时间与过去时间的差别,例如:

表示“能力”的情态动词 表示能力或缺乏能力.

Many animals can see clearly in the dark. Human beings can"t do this.

许多动物在黑暗中能看得很清楚。人类不能做到这一点。

We don"t know how fast Ancient Greek athletes could run.

我们不知道古希腊运动员能跑多快。

I can drink a dozen beers in an hour.

我一小时可以喝得下一打啤酒。(现在时间)

Last night there was something wrong with my stomach, and I couldn"t even finish one beer.

昨天晚上我肚子有毛病,连一瓶啤酒都喝不完。(过去时间)

但是,could也可以用在现在时间,例如:

Could you please help me with my homework?

能不能拜托你教我做功课?(表现特别客气的语气) 表示可以(允许). You can look at the animals in the zoo but you can"t touch them.

你可以看动物园里的动物,但你不能碰它们。

Women couldn"t compete or watch the ancient Olympic Games.

妇女不能参加古代奥运会或观看比赛。 也可以表达将来的意思. Sorry, but I can"t come to the party next week.

对不起,我下周不能来参加聚会了。 表达能力时can = be able to Many animals can/are able to see in the dark.

许多动物能在黑暗中看见东西。 can只有现在和过去形式, 所以在其他时态或用非谓语动词时,要用be able to. I haven"t been able to finish my project.

我没能完成我的计划。

We hope to be able to visit you next month.

我们希望下个月能够拜访你。 He tried hard but wasn"t able to win the race.

他拼搏了,但无法赢得比赛。 Fortunately was able to finish the race.

幸运的是他能跑完全程。

5. may/might

表示「准许,许可」,有时态的差别,例如:

You may go now.

你们现在可以走了。(现在时间)

He said we might go.

他说我们可以走了。(过去时间)

might仍然可以用在现在时间,例如:

Might I ask a big favor of you?

不知道可不可以请您帮个大忙?(语气上特别的客气)

6. need

I don"t think you need go.

我不认为你需要去。

Need I remind you of the consequences?

需要我提醒你后果有多严重吗?

You needn"t do that. 你不必那样做。

He need not take the exam.

他不必参加考试。

Need除了当情态动词,也可以当做动词使用。例如:

Do I need to remind you of the consequences?

我需要提醒你的后果? You don"t need to come tomorrow.

你明天不必来。 Do I need to bring my dictionary?

我需要带字典吗?

7. dare

I"m not sure I dare touch that snake.

我不知道敢不敢摸那条蛇。

Dare you sleep in that haunted house alone?

你敢一个人睡那间鬼屋吗?

I dare not tell my wife the truth.

我不敢告诉我太太真相。

另外,和need一样,dare也可以当动词使用,例如:

I"m not sure I dare to touch that snake.

我不敢肯定我敢不敢碰这条蛇。

Do you dare to sleep in that haunted house alone?

你敢独自在那个闹鬼的房子里睡觉吗?

I don"t dare to tell my wife the truth.

我不敢告诉我的妻子真相。

8. had better

I think we had better leave now.

我想我们最好现在走吧。

Hadn"t we better be leaving now?

我们现在动身不是比较好吗?

You had better not lie to me.

你最好别骗我。

9. would rather

I would rather go abroad than study at a local graduate school.

我宁愿出国,不想念本地的研究所。

Would you rather stay here? 你是不是宁愿留下来?

I would rather not talk about it. 这件事情我不想谈。

10. might as well

We might as well walk, with so much traffic on the road.

路上车子那么多,我们还不如走路算了。

We might as well not drive at all.

我们不如干脆不要开车。

三、 情态动词表示猜测的用法

除了上述的一般用法,这些主要情态动词也都可以用于「猜测」。

用于猜测时,will/would, can/could, may/might这三对已经完全没有表达「时态」的功能、只用来表现「语气」的轻重:will, can, may用于相对比较「有把握」的猜测,would, could, might则是比较「没把握」的猜测。

而且,情态动词+have done表示对「过去的猜测」。以下按照语气轻重的顺序逐一介绍,从「最有把握」的must到「最无把握」的might。

must

Listen! It must be raining hard outside.

你听,外头一定在下大雨。(猜现在)

It must have rained last night—the ground is still wet.

昨天晚上一定下过雨了——地上还是湿的。(猜过去)

will

That will be George at the door, I expect.

我看在门口的一定是乔治。(猜现在)

You will all have heard the news last night.

你们昨天晚上一定都听到消息了。(猜过去)

would

This seat would be mine, right?(猜现在)

这个位子应该是我的吧,是吗?

That would have been the mailman just now; I found some new mail in the box.

刚刚应该是邮差,我看到信箱里有新邮件。(猜过去)

should

We should be on the right track.

我们走的路应该没错。(猜现在)

He should have left; his car is gone.

他应该已经出门了;他的车子不在。(猜过去)

can

Where can he be at this hour?

这种时间他会在哪里呢?(猜现在)

Where can he have gone?

他会跑到哪里去了呢?(猜过去)

could

Of course, I could be wrong.

当然,也有可能是我搞错了。(猜现在)

The police is here; something could have gone wrong.

警察来了;可能出了岔子。(猜过去)

may

Don"t go near that snake; it may be dangerous.

别靠近那条蛇,可能有危险。(猜现在)

It may have been dangerous, but now it"s gone.

刚才可能有危险,但是现在已经跑掉了。(猜过去)

might

Bring a compass; you might get lost in the woods.

带个指北针去吧,你在森林里说不定会迷路。(猜未来)

Check the answering machine; he might have left a message for you.

听听录音机吧,他说不定给你留了话。(猜过去)

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