[语法篇]高中英语语法体系
一、定义
用来修饰或者限定一个名词或代词的句子，就叫做定语从句。
二、功能
1、类似形容词
eg: I like working with students who appreciate what I do. (who引导的定语从句用来修饰前面的名词students.)
2、合并句子，避免重复
eg: I tried to help a child, the child was crying.
---I tried to help a child who was crying.
3、 辨别熟悉的人或者物
eg: Mancinians aren"t people who live in Manchester; they"re people who were born there. (曼彻斯特人不是指居住在曼彻斯特的人，而是指出生在那里的人。)
三、位置
1、常见定语从句---从句紧跟在被修饰的词后
eg: That is the teacher who/that teaches us English. (那是教我们英语的老师)
2、 被分隔定语从句---从句和所修饰的词被句子的其它成分分隔开
eg:The town has developed a lot _______ we learned farming two years ago.
四、种类
1、 限定 eg:That is the teacher who/that teaches us English.
2、非限定 eg: I like our teacher, who is very kind.
五、关系词
关系代词 who/whom/which/that/whose/as
关系副词 where/when/why
六、关系词的选择依据：（三看）
一看限定还是非限定
二看先行词是表人、表物还是表时间
三看先行词在从句子充当什么成分
七、定语从句八大考点
1）只能用that不能用which的情况。
a.代高序原则
Eg:Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?
You should hand in all that you have.
This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.
This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.
b.先行词中具有人又有物
Eg:Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
c.先行词前面有the only, the very, the right......等修饰
Eg:This is the very bus that I’m waiting for.
d. 当句中出现两个定语从句时，其中一个用that
Eg:They secretly build up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.
2）只能用which, 不能用that的情况
a.非限定性定语从句
Eg:Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.
b.介词+关系代词时，只能用which
Eg:This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.
3）as/which的区别
位置上：
先行词上：
Eg:The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
As the known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth.
David is tall, as are my brothers.
4) whose/of which的区别
Eg:The book whose cover is red is very interesting.
Have you ever seen the book the cover of which is yellow?
5）介词+关系词引导的定语从句中，关系词的选用
根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配或介词与先行词的搭配来确定。
Eg:Who is the girl with whom you just now shook hands?
Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I’m not sure.
He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.
6) 定语从句与强调句的区别
Eg:It was in this house ______ he was born.
It was this house ______ he was born.
It was in this house _____ he used to live in that the meeting was hold.
A.where B.that C.which D.there
7) 定语从句中的主谓一致及并列结构
Eg:He is one of the studentswho were here just now.
He is the only one of the students who was here just now.
He has two sons, neither of whom looks like him.
He has two sons, and neither of them looks like him.
8) 定语从句中的固定用法
※ 先行词为时way， 且在定语从句中作方式状语，关系词可用that, in which或省略；若在从句中作主语或宾语，仍用that或which或省略。
Eg:What surprised me was not what he said but _____ he said it.
A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way which
※ 如果定语从句修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思：“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
Eg: I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.
The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.