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名词性从句(巧记“三四三”)

句子大全 2023-11-04 03:58:01
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高一下学期开始学习系统的名词性从句,因名词性从句分类较复杂,加上高一上学期刚学了定语从句,导致学生在学习和应用的时候“手忙脚乱”,不能快速准确判定连词,现在小编通过这几年的经验总结了一些高考常用的名词性从句知识小系统,希望对那些仍然还感到迷茫的高中同学些许帮助。

首先,一定要吃透理解名词性从句的概念,即具有名词性的句子在主句中充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语成分的复合句,所充当的成分即该从句的类型,即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

其次,连接主句和从句的词,称之为连接词,名词性从句的连接词按意思和所作成分标准划分为三类:

连接代词 (5个):what 、which、 who 、whom、whose

连接副词 (4个):how、 when、where 、why

从属连接词(4个):that、whether/if、as if/though 、because

至于所有特殊疑问词(除了why)+ever为在特殊疑问词的基础上延伸的连词,以上连接词按意思和在从句充当的成分加以记忆和理解。

复合连词表泛指

What 特指某东西或事物

Whatever=anything that 泛指

Which 特指哪一个

whichever=any one which 泛指范围

Who 特指人

Whoever=anyone who 泛指

Where 特指 地方

Wherever =any place where 泛指

When 特指

Whenever = any time when 泛指

How 特指

however= any way how 泛指

然后,重点记忆四个区别和四类句型具体结构。

(一)a、that和wh-关系代词和关系副词的区别

1、that在从句中不充当任何成分,而wh-等充当从句成分,且含有疑问意义。

What you want is not clear

It is obvious that you are the most clever .

b、that 与whether 的区别,

相同:都只是连接词,在从句中补充当任何句子成分

区别:1、whether 常与doubt表示”不知道,怀疑”时,

肯定句用whether eg I doubt whether it is true .

否定句或疑问句用that can you doubt that she will win ?

Note :但doubt 表示“不信”时,表示强烈 的不相信时,陈述句可用that

I doubt that he will stay there.

2、that本身么有含义,作宾语时可以省略,但whether 本身有含义,不可省略

3、如果宾语从句表示两种可能性据其一,只能用whether (or /or not )

4、whether 几乎能与所有的介词作宾语,但that 只能与except、but、besides的介词连用。

Eg I have no interest in whether he will come

He is a good boy except that he is careless sometimes

c、whether 与if 的区别

宜用whether的情况

1、连词前有介词时用whether 2、连词后又不定式时用whether

2、从句中有“or”“or not ”时

3、Whether能引导所有名词性从句,if只能宾语从句

4、Whether 主从句置于句首

宜用that 的情况

1、引导宾语从句可用于否定的谓语,whether 则不可用

Eg i don not care that you won’t come .

总结:whether名从通吃,不定or not介词, If只宾否定,句首whether 把持

d、关于but/but that 的区别

1、but that用于no doubt 或not deny 的后面

Eg there can be no doubt but that it is the best choice

2、but that 用于特殊疑问句或否定句后,相当于that ...not

Eg,who knows but that it may be true ?

3、but that 可以引导条件状语从句,表示“若不是”=if,主句常用虚拟语气

Eg.He wouldn’t help you but that he was short of money at that time.

(二)、 四类句型具体结构

a、主语从句结构,

1、it is/was +adj (natrual,obvious ,impossible,fortunate,unlikely,strange )that-clause

2、it is/was +ved(said,weii-known,reported,believe,decided,announced)that-clause

3、it is/was +n(a pity,no wonder ,good news ,an honor ,common knowledge,a shame,a fact )that-clause

4、it +不及物动词(seem,appear,happen,turn out)+that-clause

5、其他 it doesn’t matter ......

It makes no different .....

It is of little consequence that ......

It suddenly struck(occur to me)that.....

b、宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。

1.She did not know what had happened.(作动词的宾语)

2、Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.(作介词的宾语)

3、 I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. (作形容词的宾语)

考点:1、由连接词that引导的宾语从句

由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如:

We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.

注意:在demand,order,suggest,decide,insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。

I insist that she (should) do her work alone.

考点2、宾语从句中的“时态呼应”与“否定转移”

He told me that he ____________ his job.

否定转移若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:

I don’t think he will come here.

考点3. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,使用不同时态。例如:

I know (that) he studies English every day.

I know (that) he studied English last term.

I know (that) he will study English next year.

I know (that) he has studied English since 1998.

当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。例如:

The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.

考点4、宾语从句中用it作形式宾语

注意:如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时,一般用it来作形式宾语,把从句放在宾补后面。

c、表语从句常用之连系动词:be . look ,seem, sound,appear

Note: that is because he didn’t understand me (强调原因)

That is why he got angry with me (强调结果)

d、同位语从句必要结构为:抽象先行词+that+从句(先行词具体内容进行解释或说明)或其他连接词引导同位语从句(what ,whether,when)

Eg,I have no idea what he said .

抽象名词常见如:Fact,idea,information,news,advice,proposal,doubt,suggestion,order,command,request,question,instruction,reason,hope,belief,thought,truth,warming,word,promise,message,evidence,story,conclusion,impression,

最后,做名词性从句判定连词,牢记三步走

一划:划出主句与从句,主句判句型,从句在主句中充当何种成分即是该类句型!

二分:分析从句,从句判连词,缺成分选择连接代词,不缺成分,选择连接副词。

三看:看整体句意是否完整,不缺意思使用连接词that,句意不完整根据具体意思选择除that外的其他连接词!

以上,希望对仍在迷茫的高中小迷糊们,有一点点帮助!

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