金典英语（英语中的系动词与半系动词）

英语中的系动词be，一般式为am，is，are.过去式was，were. 过去分词been. 其特点是后常跟形容词或名词作表语，构成 “主语+系+表语 ”结构，例如：

She is a student.

The flower is very beautiful.

将系动词提到主语前构成一般疑问句：

Is she a student?

Is the flower very beautiful?

在系动词后加not 构成否定句：

She is not a student.

The flower is not very beautiful.

英语中常见的半系动词有:

1.感官动词类

look(看起来) sound(听起来)

feel(摸起来) smell(闻起来)

taste(尝起来)

The story sounds very interesting.

这故事听起来很有趣。

The clothes feel comfortable.

这衣服摸起来很舒服。

2.“变得…”类，表示从一个状态到另一个状态。

become(变成…)

turn(变成…)

grow(变得…)

go(变得…)

fall（变得…）

come(变得…)

get和become表“变化”可以互换，常见的搭配有：

become/get old ，变老

become/get fat，发胖

become/get angry，生气

become/get famous，出名

become/get deaf，变聋

become/get well，康复，痊愈

become/get ill，得病

become/get cold，hot，cool

（天气）变冷，热，凉爽了

go和fall表变化时，主要指由好变坏或由强变弱，而come则相反。例如：

go wild 发狂 go wrong 出毛病

go blind 失明 go hungry 挨饿

go bad (食品)变质 go mad 发疯

fall ill 生病 fall sick 生病

fall asleep 入睡

Her dream came true.

她的梦想实现了。

Everything came right.

一切顺利。

He grew rich within a short time.

没有多长时间他就富了。

3. 表示“保持…”类：

keep(保持…)

remain(保持…)

stay(保持…)

seem(似乎是…)

We know we must keep quiet in class.

我们知道上课时一定要保持安静。

以上这些半系动词的特点是后常跟形容词或名词作表语，构成“主语+半系动词+表语” 结构，例如：

You look very happy. 你看起来很开心。

The soup tastes sweet. 汤尝起来甜甜的。

She became a teacher after graduation

她毕业后成了一名教师。

The leaves turn yellow in autumn.

秋天树叶变黄了。

但是疑问句和否定句由助动词do帮助完成。例如：

疑问句

Do you look very happy?

Does the soup taste sweet?

Did she become a teacher after graduation?

Do the leaves turn yellow in autumn?

否定句

You don"t look very happy.

The soup doesn"t taste sweet.

She didn"t become a teacher after graduation.

The leaves don"t turn yellow in autumn.

注：半系动词一般没有被动语态。

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