英语条件句分类总结（清晰明了易掌握）

在英语语法中，条件句是一种表达一种情况作为另一种情况发生的条件的句子类型。

简单地说，大多数条件句的基本结构可以表达为“如果…，那么…。”

条件句包含一个主句和一个条件从句（属于状语从句通常由从属连词if引导）。

If I have enough money, I will go to Europe this summer.

也可以是unless, even if, provided that等连词引导：

I"ll be back tomorrow unless my flight is cancelled.

除非我的航班取消，否则我明天就回来。

All little girls should be told they are pretty, even if they aren"t.

对所有的小女孩，即使她们不漂亮，都应该告诉她们，她们很漂亮。

He"s welcome to come along, provided that he behaves himself.

只要他守规矩，就欢迎他来。

There"s no annual fee provided that you use the credit card at least six times a year.

如果你一年至少用六次信用卡，就不收年费了。

1，第一条件句

第一条件句，也叫真实条件句，在普通情况下，所说的是事实或可能的情况。

条件句时间可能是将来或现在。

主句通常包括情态will, would, can, could等，也有可能是现在时，或祈使句

If you heat ice, it melts.

如果你给冰加热，它就会融化。

Please put up your hand if you have any questions.

如果你们有任何问题，请举手。

If he is late, we will have to go without him.

如果他迟到了，我们就只好不带他走了。

You can slide the front seats backward if necessary.

如有必要，你可以向后滑动前排座椅。

If our head teacher knows about this, we are in serious trouble.

如果我们的班主任知道这件事，我们就麻烦大了。

2，第二条件句

与现在事实相反的或不大可能的情况。

条件句时间是现在，但用过去式表达，主句谓语含would, could等。

If I knew her address, I would write her a letter.

如果我知道她的地址，我会给她写封信。

If I were you, I would accept their invitation.

如果我是你，我会接受他们的邀请。

（注意：一般用were，用was不是很规范）

If I won 5 million, I would quit my present job.

如果我中了500万，我就辞去现在的工作。

3，第三条件句

与过去事实相反的不真实情况。

条件句时间是过去，用完成时表达，主语用would，could等+完成时。

If I"d had time, I would have cleaned the house.

如果我有时间，我就打扫过房子了。

注意：

1，第二条件句和第三条件句我们称为虚拟条件句。

2，将来可能性小的事或不希望发生的事，也可以是虚拟条件句。

一般从句里用should do或were to

If he should come, I could (can) introduce you to him.

如果他来，我可以把你介绍给他。

If I were to fail my driving test tomorrow, I would have to take it again.

如果我明天驾驶考试不及格，我就得再考一次。

If Nathan were to be my boss, this job would be intolerable.

如果内森是我的老板，这份工作就没法干了。

3，If，even if后可以用省略句：

If necessary, you might call in sick.

如果有必要，你可以请病假。

I want to get back by five o"clock if possible.

如果可能的话，我想在五点钟以前回来。

Two people can meet in virtual reality even if physically located in different countries.

两个人可以在虚拟现实中相遇，即使他们在不同的国家。

4，从句中有should, were等，if可以省略，should和were放到主语前（倒装）：

Should it rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.

如果明天下雨，运动会就会推迟。

Were I a bird, I could fly high.

如果我是一只鸟，我就可以展翅高飞。

Were he to do the test, he would do it in a different way.

如果他做这个测试，他会用不同的方法做。

5，But for, without等表达隐含的条件：

Without the boat, we can’t reach the island.

没有船，我们无法到达岛上。

But for the firemen，we would have died in the fire.

要不是消防队员，我们早就死在火里了。

We couldn’t have achieved anything without your help.

没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得任何成就。

6，主从句时间不一定一致：

If you had quitted drinking, you"d be in good health right now.

如果你早戒酒，你现在就很健康了。

If I hadn"t taken her advice, I would be in prison.

如果我没有听她的劝告，我现在可能在坐牢。

图片来自网络，版权为原作者所有！