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掌握语法填空基本知识点(高考将事半功倍)

句子大全 2023-12-10 06:12:01
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语法填空是近年来全国高考英语科必考题型。这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法,甚至是句法上的运用能力,能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。怎样更好地提高应试能力,小编对语法填空的考试要点作了系统归纳,希望对考生的考前复习有所帮助。

考查形式

1有提示题型此类题可以考查学生对单词转换的掌握程度。一般考查四类实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词)。单词形式变化主要有两种,一是词的形式变化(形、数、性,格等)的变化,一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题,看是否需要使用复合的变化形式,这一点是很重要的。

2,无提示型

此类题可以考查学生对句子的流畅性和明确性表达的掌握情况。一般考查虚词(冠词、介词、连词)以及个别副词,代词,情态动词,be动词,助动词,不定式的小品词to等)。

考察要点

1有提示题型

1) 提示词为名词:

● 名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。

● 其次考虑变形,一般向形容词,动词,副词,以及另一名词转变。

2 )提示词为动词:

● 首先看是否是句子的谓语动词,如果是,则考虑谓语动词的适当形式(时态、语态,主谓一致和语气)。

● 如果不作谓语动词,再考虑非谓语动词的三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词、过去分词)。

● 如果不是非谓语动词,则考虑变形,一般向名词,形容词,副词转变,还有个别的变介词。如:cross变across ;include 变including ;pass变past 。

3)提示词为形容词或副词:

● 首先考虑三级,即原级,比较级和最高级。

● 考虑形容词和副词的词性确定,还要考察是否变名词,动词。

2,无提示型

1. 空格后是名词的情况:

● 首先看名词前是否有冠词,物主代词,指示代词等限定词。

● 是否为名词之间空格,如果是,and, or, but等并列连词代入验证。

●是否为名词之间空格,如果是,and, or, but等并列连词代入验证。不成立,考虑介词,是否构成介宾短语。

●是否为空格前为动词,空格后为名词,如果是,则填入介词。

2. 空格后是动词的情况:

●如空格前为特定名词,代词,句子,而后面为句子(一般是定语从句),考虑填关系代词。

●空格明显和后面动词构成主谓关系,一般填代词(指示代词,人称代词等)。

3. 空格后是句子的情况:

● 如果是句子和句子相连,首先考虑是否关系代词或关系副词所引导的从句,常考查定语从句,状语从句,宾语从句,主语从句,同位语从句。

a,状语从句:用if, how, while, because,where, after, until, although , though ,as , since , so等;

b,定语从句:用who, which , that , When , where ,Why 等;

c,名词从句:用what ,that ,if/ whether(是否)等

● 如果不是从句,则考虑四大连词and, or, but和 so,看前后两句构成的是并列、选择、转折还是因果关系,前后句为并列句。用 and , but , or , so , while (而,却),for,both···and,yet(可是),还有副still(仍然),however(然而)也表示转折关系。

口诀:句句之间常用连,名(词)名(词)之间常用介。句义完整要用副,部分残缺冠记住。

单句讲练

1,名词形式变化。

例1:This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61 as a method of fighting heart disease , has had some unintended side 62 effects (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. (2017全国I)

( effects,前面有some当然需要变化加s)

例2: Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks(regular).

(studies。考查名词单复数。根据句意:“最近的研究显示…..”可知,本句的谓语动词是show,说明主语是复数名词 studies)

例3:The nursery team switches him every few__9__( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-···(2016·全国Ⅰ)

(days考查名词复数。few用来修饰可数名词复数,故答案为days。)

2,动词形式变化。

例1,My ambassadorial duties will include__7__(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.(2016·全国Ⅰ)

( introducing考查动名词的用法。由句子结构可知,introduce作谓语动词include的宾语。而British visitors是introduce这一动作的承受者。故用动名词形式。)

例2,_2__(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador.(2016·全国Ⅰ)

(was allowed考查动词时态。根据语境及allow somebody to do something这一固定句式可知,此处要用一般过去时的被动语态形式。)

例3, I was the first Western TV reporter__6__(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild。(2016·全国Ⅰ)

(permitted考查定语从句关系副词的用法。因为句中已有谓语动词was,故此处要用非谓语动词形式。因permit与reporter为逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词

例4,Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __3__ (be) often acceptable.(2016·全国II)

(is考查主谓一致和时态。本句的主语为动名词短语leaving the less...,动名词作主语谓语要用单数第三人称形式,且这里说的是一个客观事实,故要用is。)

例5,If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely __9__ (bring) your work home . It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is,__10__ (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.(2016·全国II)

( 9.to bring考查不定式的用法。固定表达be likely to do...很可能做某事。)

( 10.make考查祈使句中的动词。根据句子结构可知,此处为祈使句,故谓语要用动词原形。

3,代词形式变化。

On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by__8__(it) mother.(2016·新课标全国Ⅰ)

( 8.its考查物主代词的用法。根据空格后的名词及前文中的a lively three-month-old twin可知要用形容词性物主代词。)

4,形容词、副词形式变化。

例1,The river was so polluted that it 2 (actual)caught fire and burned water(2014全国I)

(actually修饰动词caught,用副词actually“实际上”。)

例2,Finally,that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 6 (clean) than ever.(2014全国I)

( cleaner根据下文than知用形容词的比较级。)

例3,Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 5 (slow)during cool nights,thus warming the house.(2015·新课标全国Ⅱ)

( 5.slowly考查副词的用法。由土坯制成的墙壁在炎热的白天吸收太阳的热量并在凉爽的夜间慢慢将热量释放出来。修饰谓语动词giveout,因此要用副词形式。)

5,数词形式变化。

To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses.My eldest son shall take a half , my second son shall take a(three)..

( 从上下文连续起来理解,这是一个分马的计划,大儿子分得a half,也就是“一半”或“二分之一”,那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”,所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”。)

6,词性转换。

例1,However, be 69 careful (care) not to go to extremes. ·(2017·全国Ⅰ)

69.careful,名词前、系动词或半系动词后,作表语、定语或补语,通常用形容词。

例2,··· handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of (achieve). (2016全国II)

achievement。本题考查了动词变名词的用法。sense of achievement 成就感。介词of后接动名词或名词。线上要使用名词 achievement作为of的宾语。句意:首先处理重要的事情,那么你会有成就感。

例3,Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks(regular).(2016全国II)

(regularly。考查副词。本句中使用副词 regularly做状语来修饰动词 take short breaks。句意为“如果我们有规律地休息一下……”。)

例4,But for tourists like me, pandas are its top__1__(attract).(2016·全国Ⅰ)

(attraction考查名词的用法。空格前有形容词和物主代词,因此要用其名词形式。)

例5,···and work,like cleaning up a polluted river . Just be 10 (patience).(2014·全国Ⅰ)

(patient根据空格前系动词“be”可知这里应为形容词。)

7,冠词填空。

例1:Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed.

(这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法,答案为a,构成at a high speed,“以高速”开车。)

例2:a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. (2017高考I卷)

(As a result,固定搭配,完形高频词,阅读出题点中因果关系的几个词,另外,改错中讲过as a result易出少a,in fact易出多a。)

例3:Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while,(2016高考II)

(for a while“一会儿”为固定词组搭配。)

8,连词填空。

例1:Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ( ) 70 is not good for the health.(2017高考I卷)

( which,非限定性定语从句的引导词)

例2:In much of Asia,especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China,Japan,Korea,__1__Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks(2016·全国Ⅲ)

(and考查连词。China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam是并列关系。)

例3:Over time,__5__the population grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.(2016·全国Ⅲ)

(as/when考查连词。as/when“当……时,随着……”。)

例4:Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,__7__lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.···(2016·全国Ⅲ)

(who考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句,先行词指人,故用who。)

例5:Maybe you have a habit 7 is driving your family crazy.(2014·全国I)

(that/whichhabit是先行词,故用that/which引导定语从句。)

例6:But the river wasn"t changed in a few days 4 even a few months.(2014·全国I)

(or。河流不是几天或者几个月里就改变了的,这里两个时间是选择关系,故用or。)

9,介词填空。

例1,Most of us are more focused( ) our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.(2016高考II卷)

(on 。考查固定搭配。形容词短语 be focused on集中于···)

例2,In India,for example,most people traditionally eat __10__their hands.(2016·全国Ⅲ)

(with考查介词。固定短语:with one’s hands 用某人的手。)

例3, 7 the same time,they warm up again for the night.(2015·新课标全国Ⅱ)

( at考查固定短语的用法。at the same time意为“同时”,是一个常用介词短语。)

10,代词填空。

The children were playing on the ground,enjoying____,dirty but happy.(从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的,所以应用enj0y oneself短语,故其答案为themselves。)

11,副词填空。

But I didn"t care . A few hours 2 ,I"d been at home in Hong Kong,...(2015·新课标全国Ⅰ)

( 2.before/earlier考查副词的用法。由语境可知,几个小时之前我还在香港的家中,由此可知before/earlier符合句意。)

12,不定式的小品词to,情态动词,助动词,be动词等填空。

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