都觉得动词时态语态难 其实只要掌握这三个要素（不会再错了）
动词时态是高考的重点也是必考语法。但许多考生在做题时仍然是凭感觉做题，做了后没感觉，对自己所选答案没任何的把握，进而也对动词时态的学习失去了信心。其实考生做动词时态试题时只要从以下三要素考虑，一定能取得实效的。
动词时态解题之第一要素------时间状语
考生在做动词时态试题时，先看题干中有没有时间状语的暗示。不同的时间状语代表说话或动作发生的时间点或时间段，分别使用不同的时态。考生应该记住一些常用的时间状语分别与什么时态使用。这是解题之关键。此类考点是高考时态试题测试的重点。考生应该重点掌握。
常与一般现在时使用的时间状语有：every day, every Saturday, often, always, once a week every few years, etc;
常与一般过去时使用的时间状语有：the other day, yesterday, last year，in 1946, once, a few days ago, two years ago, etc.
常与一般将来时使用的时间状语有：tomorrow, next week/Friday, in three hours, etc;
常与现在进行时使用的时间状语有：now, at present, right now, etc;
常与过去进行时使用的时间状语有：at this time yesterday/last week, etc;
常与将来进行时使用的时间状语有：at this time tomorrow/next Friday, etc;
常与现在完成时使用的时间状语有：since 1998, ever since, so far, up till now, recently/lately, In the past few years，in the last decade, during the past five years,
常与过去完成时使用的时间状语有：by+过去时间状语用过去完成时，before；
常与将来完成时使用的时间状语有：by+将来时间状语用将来完成时
常与现在完成进行时使用的时间状语有：all day, all afternoon, all week, these days, all the time etc.
高考题示例（黑体部分是时间状语暗示部分）
1. This coastal area was nameda national wildlife reserve last year.
2. I"m tired out. I have been shoppingall afternoonand I don"t seem to have finished anything.
3. Every few years, the coal workers have their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.
4. Every yeara flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they have been promised before leaving their hometowns.
5. Up to now,the program has saved thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
6. His sister left home in 1998, and has not been heard ofsince.
7. Over the past decades, sea icehas been decreasing in the Arctic as a result of global warming.
8.I know a little bit aboutas my wife and I wentthere several years ago.
9. I have to see the doctor because I have been coughinga lot lately.
10. Joseph has been goingto evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Russian.
动词时态解题之第二要素------语境暗示
语境暗示主要是指上下文语境或前后语境提示。如What’s the noise或look, listen等在题干中出现时要用现在进行时；并列句、复合句里前后语境里时态的暗示等。考生在解答时态试题时，若题干中既找不到时间状语，又不是测试的固定句型时，考生得从上下文语境考虑了，即题干前后时态或句子意思的暗示。这样就能迅速而准确的找到关键信息点，问题就迎刃而解了。此类考点也是高考时态试题测试的重点。考生应该重点掌握。
高考题示例（黑体部分是语境暗示部分）
1. I was just going tocut my rose bushes but someone had doneit. Was it you?
2. I walkedslowly through the market, where people were selling all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.
3. The church tower whichis being restoredwill be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
3. ——Were you surprisedby the ending of the film?
——No, I had readthe book, so I already knew the story?
4. We have been workingon this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.
5．——When shall we restart our business?
——Not until wehave finished our plan．
6．You’ve failed to do what youwere expectedto and I’m afraid the teacher will blameyou．
7. Linda make sure the table are setbefore the guests arrive.
8.The telephone was ringing, but by the time I gotindoors, it stopped.
9.Teenagers are damagingtheir health because they play computer games too much.
10.——What’s that noise?
——Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine is being tested.
动词时态解题之第三要素---- 固定句型
此类考点在高考时态试题中测试得不多，但是考生必须记住以下句型中常用的时态。遇到这方面的时态考题时就能迅速定位，轻而易举地找到正确答案。
No.1 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果主句用将来时，从句要用一般现在时态代替将来时态；
No.2 在宾语从句中，主句用过去时态，从句要使用相应的过去时态；
No.3 表按时刻表固定要发生的动作，通常用一般现在时；如The plane takes off at 4:30.
No.4 I wasdoing sth. when sth. happened…
I was about to do sth. when sth. happened…
I was on the point of doing sth. when sth. happened
I had just done sth. when sth. happened (when：这时, 强调一个动作的突然发生)
如：1). I was walking along the river, when I heard a drowning boy cry for help.
2). I was about to leave when it began to rain.
3). I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang, announcing the exam was over.
No.5 祈使句+ or/otherwise + sb will(not) do sth. 或祈使句+ and + sb will(not) do sth.
如：Start right away or you’ll miss the first train.
No.6It was (not ) + 时间段+before +一般过去时过了一段时间就……..
It will (not )be+ 时间段+before +一般现在时要过一段时间才会…
It is/ has been +时间段+ since sb.did sth.
It was +点时间+ when sth. happened…..
如：1). It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意识到他处境危险 （动作已发生）
2). It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 还有半年你才从这个学校毕业（动作未发生）
3). It is 3 years since he worked here.=he left here.（since从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词，要从这个动作结束的时候算起）
4). It was 3 o’clock when they received the telephone.
No.7 表示过去原打算干，却未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图
l had hoped to do=hoped to have done.。类似的词还有：expect, think, intend, design, plan, mean, suppose等
l would like/prefer/ love to have done
l was/ were to have done
I was/were supposed to have done
如：1).--- Did you go to see the film “Titanic” last night?
---I’d like to have, but I had an unexpected guest.
2). The plane was to have take off at 7 this morning, but was held up by the heavy fog.
No.8 If +were/ did (动词过去式)，主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+do（用来表示对现在情况的假设）
如：I don’t have a cellphone. If I had one , it would be convenient for me to contract others.
l If +had done (过去完成式)，主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+have done（用来表示对过去情况的假设）
如：If I had gone to the concert, I would have seen the famous singer.
l If +were/ did (动词过去式)/were to do/should do ，主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+ do（用来表示对将来情况的假设）
如：If I were not to take/ should take/ took the exam tomorrow, I would go shopping with you.
No.9 It is the first time that sb. has done sth./It was the first time sb. had done sth.
No.10 hardly had sb. done sth.when. sth.happened/No soonerhad sb. done sth. than sth. happened
No.11. sb. is always doing sth.表说话者说话时的一种情感色彩，赞扬、责备或批评
No.12 表位移方向的动词的现在进行时表将来
如： I’m leavingfor Shanghai tomorrow.
No.13 by+将来时间状语或表将来时态的句子，要用将来完成时态；by+过去时间状语或表过去时态的句子，要用过去完成时态.
解题步骤：步骤之一：结合选项确定此题是考查动词的时态语态。步骤之二：结合句子的意思来确定主语与谓语动词是主动还是被动的关系，排除错误选项。步骤之三：从解答动词的时态语态的三要素------时间状语、固定句型和语境暗示来确定正确答案。
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