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如何区分中考必考句型之过去进行时与现在完成时(详细辨析来了)

句子大全 2023-12-15 03:01:02
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过去进行时

过去进行时:表示过去某一时刻或者某一阶段正在进行的动作.

1. 表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作,过去进行时中常用的时间状语有the wholemorning, all day yesterday, from January to March last year等。如:

I was having a talk with Lucy at that time.那个时候我正在和露西谈话

They were watching TV at home last afternoon.他们昨天下午在家里看电视

We were playing football at 5 o"clock yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午5点我们正在踢球

2. 表示过去反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪,通常与always, constantly, continually, forever等频度副词连用。如:

My brother was always losing his keys. 我兄弟总是丢了他的钥匙

3. 表示当前描述的按计划、安排的过去某时刻将要发生的动作,仅适用于部分趋向性动词(如go, come, leave, start, arrive等)。如:

He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon.他说他们下午要去北京

注意理解即可

4. 过去进行时还有一个特殊的用法:表示一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行并且还在延续.

这里第一个动作是短时间动作可以理解为刚发生的动作并且会很快结束,或者做描述后一个动作发生时间的参照时间,一般做主句.

另一个动作与主句是同时发生的但是持续时间长。一般充当宾语从句或时间状语从句

例:

Granny fell asleep when she was reading.奶奶看书的时候睡着了

It was raining when they arrive here. 他们到这的时候外面正在下雨

现在完成时

疑问句回答句式较为固定要牢记

1. 表示一个过去发生并已完成的动作对现在产生影响或结果,强调的是现在的状况(表示"已完成")。如:

He has left the city. 他已经离开了这座城市(结果:他目前不在这个城市)

He has turned off the light.他已经把灯关了(结果:灯是熄灭状态)

2. 表示一个动作开始于过去,持续到现在,(可能会持续延续下去)的动作或状态(表示"已发生但未完成")。

I have been busy since last week. 从上星期开始我就一直在忙。(还没忙完,状态还在持续)

He has taught in our school for 320years. 他已经在这所学校教了20年的书了.(30年前就开始教书且还会持续教下去。)

He has lived here since 2006. 他从2006年开始就住在这里了

注意 瞬间动词通常是不能用现在完成时表持续性的,但其否定结构则可以。如:

She hasn"t seen you for ages. 她已经很久没见你了。

His father hasn"t touched beer for a whole week. 他爸爸已经一周没喝酒了。

3. 表示过去到现在为止反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态,常与表示频度的副词always, often, every day等连用。如:

I have often heard that he is the cleverest person in that company. 我经常听到说他是公司最聪明的那个。

4. 在时间和条件状语从句中,现在完成时表示将来某时完成的动作。如:

I"ll go to your home when I have finished my homework. 我写完作业就会回家。

If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we"ll go the park. 如果早上雪停了,我们将去公园。

5. 与现在完成时连用的常见词语

能与现在完成时连用的词语很多,just, already, yet, before, never, ever, recently等,但常见的有:

(1) since 自从

I have been there many times since the war. 自战争以来,我已经到这很多次了。

We haven"t seen each other since last week. 自从上周以后,我们没见过彼此了。

(2) in / for / during the past/last … years 在过去/最近…中

I"ve been ill for the past three weeks. 最近三周,我都在生病。

Great changes have take place in the last ten years. 过去的十年里发生了很大的变化。

I have been here (for) the last/past month. 最近的一个月,我都待在这。

(3) so far 到目前为止

We haven"t had any trouble so far. 目前为止,我们还未碰到麻烦。

So far the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless. 到目前为止,寻找那位失踪的中年女性都是徒劳的。

(4) up to/until now 到现在为止

Up to now he"s been quiet. 到目前为止,他一直很安静

Up to now, the work has been easy. 到目前为止,这项工作很容易

I have heard nothing from him up till now. 到目前为止我没有他的任何消息

Up till now we have planted over 2000 trees.到目前为止,我们已经种了超过2000颗树了

(5) It is/will be the first/second … time that … 这是第一/二…次…

It"s the first time (that) I"ve been here.这是我们第一次来这里

It will be the first time (that) I"ve spoken in public.那将是我在公共场合的第一次演讲

It is the second time (that) I have met him today.那是我今天第二次遇到他了

(6) This is + 形容词最高级 + that … 这是最…

This is the best film that I"ve (ever) seen.这是我有史以来看过的最好看的电影

6. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

(1)强调内容不同,两者所表示的动作都发生在过去,但现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果;一般过去时只表示过去的事实,于现在没有任何关系。

如:

I have closed the door. 我已经关上门了。(现在门是关着的)

I closed the door just now. 我刚才关上门了。(仅仅表示刚才"关门"这个动作)

(2) 现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用(如for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, always等),或者干脆没有时间状语;

而一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用(如yesterday, last night, …ago, in 1980, in February等)。

They built three schools last year. 他们去年建了三所学校。

They have built three schools so far. 到目前为止,他们已经建了三所学校。

(3) 现在完成时表示持续时一般使用延续性动词(如live, teach, work, know等);

而一般过去时常使用瞬间动词(如begin, buy, die, marry等)。如:

He has lived in Hangzhou since last spring. 去年春天,他一直住在杭州。

My grandfather bought the car five years ago. 五年前,我爷爷买了这辆车。

例. 易错点辨析

(1) 考生容易把一些瞬间动词用现在完成时表达,这是错误的。如:

(×) He has died for two years. 他死了两年了。(√) He has been dead for two years. 他死了两年了。(√) He died two years ago. 两年前,他死了。(×) The film has begun for 10 minutes.(√) The film has been on for 10 minutes. 电影开演十分钟了(√) The film began 10 minutes ago.十分钟前,电影开始了。(×) She has married for three years.(√) She has been married for three years. 她结婚有三年了。(√) She married Mike three years ago. 三年前,她和迈克结婚了。(2) 考生不懂如何区分have been to和have gone to,尽管两者均可后接地点,但have been to表示去过某地(现在已经回来了),have gone to表示到某地去了(现在还没回来)。如:She has been to Paris (three times). 她已经去过巴黎(三次)了。She has gone to Paris. 她去巴黎了。(还没回来)

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