地点或景点这样用英语描写
用英语描写地点或景点
【例题】作为学生，除了在教室里，我们度过时间最久的地方就是自己的书房了。也许你虽然天天在此学习，却从未仔细注意过它的面貌。下面请以“My Study”为题，为我们介绍一下你的书房。完成习作，字数200字左右。
景物和地点描写是颇具实用性的作文形式。既谓之实用，我们不妨回答下面三个问题：为何写？选何写？如何写？
首先是为何写的问题。景物和地点的描写，一般有两个主要原因：一是为了直观的目的，比如向游客介绍本地可以参观的景点或者是给陌生人指路。二是为了展现某个景致或是地点的特色和优点。
其次是选何写的问题。无论原因是哪一项，为了让读者能够跟上作者的“目光”，就必须做一些筛选。为了直观目的的选择比较简单：围绕你的核心对象选择和其相关性强的描写；而为了展现特点的描写则应该围绕“特点”来确定哪些内容纳入描写的范围。
最后是如何写的问题。景物或地点描写显然应该以空间顺序的转换作为依据。我们常用的方式可分为“定位视景”和“移步换景”。前者作者立于景物中某处，描写随其观看顺序进行；后者景物如同油画，读者跟随作者的位置变化而得以窥见其面貌。
以本部分开头的题目为例，我们首先可以判断属于以展现特点为目的景物描写。所以，在选择书房里被描写的东西时，需确保其与本文要说明内容，比如学习氛围浓郁或者学习素材全面等紧密关联。然后或站定在书房中某处（如书桌），围绕其前后左右上下做“定位视景”的描写，或从门口步入，以读者位置变化为顺序做移步换景的描写。
此外，笔者还建议在景物描写时注意另外两处细节。
第一，为了能够让读者更好地跟随，可以使用一些方位相关的连接词汇或结构，来梳理文章的条理。
如：on; above; over; beneath; below; under; in the heart/the middle/the centre of; at the back (rear)/the side/the bottom of; at/on the top of, at the foot of; at the entrance to; at the edge/the base/border of; close to; near; next to; opposite, across等。
第二，国人素来有“托物言志”的手法，把感情化的语言融入客观的描写中，有利于景物变得生动。比如：
This is a happy pond. With green lands and trees as friends that surround, rains and water from the hills as the food, she never feels the thirst.
【参考范文】
My Study
Opening the door, you are inside my study where I spent most of my leisure time. In the centre is an old brown oak writing desk with a table light shedding soothing light in the night. By the table I got myself a comfortable armchair as the basis of inspiration. When I sit in it, against my back is a wall of bookcase containing all the treasures I picked from the flea market and the book stores. On the left side of the wall hangs the poster of the film “A River Runs through It”. I just like the theme and feeling and color hidden in the magic picture. Also against the right side is a small coach I may catch a breath when I am tired.
Now I may close my door and say bye for now, for the reading hour begins.
实践操练
“教室是你的阵地！”在众多教师的“经典语录”里，想必这句一定排名靠前。作为学生，你也一定对教室这个熟悉的地方倾注了情感。请以“My Classroom”为题，为我们介绍你的教室，字数200左右。
1．分别以“移步换景”，和“定位转换”两种不同的方法根据下面的提示进行描写。
a. When I entered the classroom the first charms that catches my eye is . Then you walk to the , there is /lies . After that, you may turn to , and you can see .
b. The most prominent facility in my classroom is the electronic white board, which . Then on the left of it is . While to its right, we can see . Opposite the white board is . And also we can .
2．请选择上述关于教室描写中出现的某个对象，以比喻／拟人的手法赋予景物更生动的内容。
is like to me. It/they
下面将通过2篇范例及审题分析，详细介绍如何描写地点或景点。
范例1
悠悠校园总留下莘莘学子的青葱岁月，作为即将离校的高三毕业班学生，在你的心中是否也有着母校的一个美丽的侧写，一段剪影。请选你的校园全貌或者是校园中的一个场景，为我们做出一段介绍，并在文字中表现出其之所以成为你难忘的原因。文章的长度在200字左右。
【审题分析】
本文是一篇景物描写类的习作。对于此类体裁，我们要注意两个基本的要求。
第一，所选择的景物需要具有代表性。虽然在文字上描写类的作品是以修饰和形容为主的，但实际上这些都是作者主观意见的表达。所以选择写什么，从哪个角度来写，都必须立足于文章想要传递的“情感”。比如同样是介绍Railway Station，如果作者意要说明It"s a place of sorrow in departing and delight in reunion的话，the coming and leaving of the train; the layout and crowdedness of platform等就是恰当的描写对象。但若我们把重点落实于the development of economy and living standard的话，就不妨选择the dramatic change of the capacity of passengers, the fastness of the vehicles and the fascinating inter-decoration of the station等等。
第二，景物描写需要本着一种“以读者的眼睛看世界”的态度。只有选择妥当的描写的“逻辑顺序”，才可能让读者有身临其境的感受。空间顺序常见的参照系有“定位视景”和“移步换景”。比如本文如果你站在教学楼门口，介绍前后左右的景致就是前者；如果你自学校大门而入，随着参观顺序依次描写就是后者。
本文可能涉及的词汇：
形容类的：marvelous, thrilling, magnificent, breathtaking, delicate, brilliant, fantastic, picturesque, an escape from the bustling, a new perspective
【学生习作】
School, is a mini-world large(17) to hold all the bitter sweetness and bright gratefulness. On leaving my senior high, I cast a last look at the pretty and dear campus(18) and every inch of memory comes flooding back.
Every morning, I am greeted with the vigorous fountain at the gate, a rainbow-like structure crossing over the pond, which is meant to show us the beauty of colorful life over the hard work.
It offers us more. During the noon-break, I sit by its rhythmic beat of spring. When winter hits, among all the stillness and boredom, it adds a brilliant motion to life and work.
Then everything comes backs to life. I see the boulevard lined with greenness and the sunlight filtering through the branches. I see the woods where cherry blossom shines the path in between.
And I see the teachers and friends smiling at me by the fountain, on the road, at the path. They are the real scenery in that 3 years of my school life. With that beauty, we dream, and chase the dream of rainbow.
（原上海市延安中学高三刘文浩）
【习作点评】
“宁可小而精，不可大而全”。由于字数的限制，我们宜于选择校园内的一个角度，或者至少对其进行详写，其余掠过。其次，“人物”是景物的生命，所以写作的时候需要把教师和学生放在这个景色里面。
比如本文，重点描述的就是校门口的fountain,而后的woods和boulevard都是略写。在这些景物中，“我”和同学们的活动穿插其中。此外首尾两段对于rainbow的呼应，也用相同的主题把景物串联在了一起。
【参考范文】
A dreamed wonderland for me is a place where I can rest my feet and soul, broaden my heart and view and enjoy the passage of clouds. I finally find the spot in my high school.
Two blocks of wide chairs and tables were lined into sections with passages in between. The quietness and discipline draw you onto them and once you are resting yourself there, the brownish color and mild light naturally calm you down, relaxed and refreshed.
At the back, huge shelves loaded with tons of books showing one the thrilling power of time and space. Fixing eyes on the heaviness of knowledge, you will not but nail your fingers on the section of your interest. The readiness and well-organized layout never lets you down.
Then, book in hand, you sit by the window. Looking at where the season breezes in, you see the whole vigorous picture of blossoming flower and shooting grass, the smiling faces and weeping sorrows. School days are passing in your eye and heart.
This is my library, a wonderland where I read, refresh and get ready for life, a dream that broadens my mind and my soul.
习作操练：
“上海是我长大成人的所在，带着我所有的情怀。”歌声里的城市有着所有的美好。作为上海的一分子，请向一位外国朋友介绍“The Must-Go in Shanghai”，描述该景点，完成习作，字数200左右。
范例2
你居住的小区（residential area）附近有一块颇具规模的空地，开发商目前正准备在此动工兴建辅助项目。作为小区居民，你被要求提出自己的意见。请根据此处的位置特征，或新设施的内容安排，说明这样建议的理由。就此完成习作，字数在200字左右。
【审题分析】
本文的特别之处在于，虽然是图片材料作文，但是真正要写的却是图片中本不存在东西。而题目中“根据此处的位置特征，或新设施的内容安排”的提示又使得学生需要使用地点和景物描写的基本手法。
具体而言，如果选择“根据此处的位置特征”，学生就需要把图片中现有地理标志以及它们和所建设的设施间地理相对性，以及该设施由此所具有的优点作为描写对象。
而如果选择“新设施的内容安排”，学生则需要着重以地点转换的方式说清楚该设施各个组成部分所在，以及这样“放置”的理由。
【学生习作】
As a resident in the community of Peak Centre, I strongly recommend a sports center be built within our walls.
The centre shall take the form of a comprehensive sports facility. With its location by the major road, it will not only attract fans in the neighborhood but also those travelling from other sections(19). Under the centre thus a parking lot shall be built both for the residents and visitors.
On the other hand, the main entrance shall be built on either side away from the road and the residential area(20). Such a layout can prevent the traffic jams and ensure the security of the neighborhood. But the aiding facilities of the stadium could be built near or even in the residential area, for that will serve as a hot spot for the community gathering and exercises.
Since I moved into the residential area, I have been dreaming of easing my tension and enriching my life. And this dreamed sports centre is surely part of that picture.
（原上海市天山中学高三孙文杰）
【习作点评】
本文作者选择在描写sports centre的时候仅仅把握住其位置by the road and near the residential area的特点，设置其设施，从而合理地解释了自己诸多设想的理由。
【参考范文】
As a member of the community in Rose Garden, I am thrilled that the spare block in our residential area finally gets a future. Considering the benefits of all, I strongly recommend a complex relaxation centre.
The layout goes that a garden is set between the road and main building block and the facilities goes at least 3 layers.
A garden with flowers and trees will add color to the community life. The increased greenery and charming glamour of the sunflower can purify not just the dusted air from the roadside but also the heart of all.
Meanwhile the building shall contain an underground parking lot, a whole layer of market and another for entertainment. The supermarket suits the basic needs of the residents and attracts the visitors, for both of whom the parking lot is a must. At the same time, husbands and kids can get refreshed on the entertainment layer while the wives are “fighting”.
All in one word, according to the 10 years" experience in the community, a complex center is a perfect solution to the trivial problems lingering our life and make the Rose Garden a real garden.
习作操练：
随着中国城市化的进程和社会经济的进步，在我国的大部分城市中的市民都有了体育锻炼的迫切需求，为此各个社区积极建设社区健身场所。请根据下面的效果图，为我们介绍这一健身场所，字数200左右。