钰全民英语（英语动词的及物和不及物以及时态）
钰全民英语第14节， 动词概述，及物和不及物动词，英语的时态
动词，表示动作和状态的词。基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词，要表示第二个动词时可使用不定式、动名词，并列连词，从属连词增加从句等方法。
1，根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类：实义动词，系动词，助动词，情态动词
实义动词I want this flower.
系动后面接表语，系动词有be, keep, remain, stay, seem,look,become,fall ,get 等这些，后面常跟名词或形容词。
He is a teacher. She grew rich within a short time.
He always kept silent at meeting.
助动词，帮助动词完成语法功能的词。常见的有be, have, will , do , would等，协助动词一起构成疑问句，进行，完成等各种时态。
He is listening to music. Do you like the apple? He has made a plan.
情态动词，和谓动词一起，表示人的情态语气的词，常用的有can, may,must, need,
I can swim. You may go now. You must do your homework. Need you go go soon?
2， 及物动词和不及物动词
动词根据其后是否需要带宾语分为1) 及物动词，2) 不及物动词
2.1及物动词，后面需要使用宾语使其意义完整。及物动词的特征就是本身意义不完整，其后加上宾语才能表达完整的意思。
That dog makes the boy happy.
Many people earn their living by writing.
2.2 不及物动词是指后面不需要宾语而意义完整的动词。不及物动词的特征就是本身词义完整，后面不需要加宾语。只能用于：“主+谓”结构。i live in Beijing. This is the room where i once lived.
类似的还有agree, go , work, listen , look, come, exist, arrive, sit, succeed..
不及物动词不需要宾语，若要宾语，就要借助介词，一起连用才行（不及物动词+介词+宾语），
The boys are listening to the music.
He is laughing at the crippled man.
反之，及物动词不必靠介词，可以直接带宾语，
Tom is giving a book to me.
Who can answer this question?
2.3,有很多动词也是即可及物又可不及物的。
The teacher can dance and sing. SING不及物
The teacher can sing many French songs. sing 及物
二，限定动词和非限定动词
限定动词，其实就是谓语动词，有人称，时态等变化。
非限定动词，其实就是句里除了谓动词外的动词形式，有三个：不定式，动名词，和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词），又叫非谓语动词。
The children went to the park, singing and talking.
三，根据动词的组成形式有单字动词和短语动词，
1 单字动词，learn
2 短语动词turn off the radio look forward to
四，动词的5种形态
1 原形 2 第三人称单数 3 过去式 4 过去分词 5现在分词
work works worked worked working
五，动词的时态
这个是总表看上去很多，其实实际中很简单，常用的就9种。前7种很简单，后两种用英语结合自己情况多做训练也就掌握了。
1，一般现在时，主要用来表示人或事物的特点，习惯性的动作，客观规律
句子里常有often,always,等
I often go to school at 8 o"clock every morning.
在时间和条件状语从句中，一般现在时可代替一般将来时，If he studies in school, he will learn more knowledge.
2 现在进行时
表示当下的一段时间内正在进行的某种活动
The teacher is driving a new car.
在时间和条件状语从句中，现在进行时表示将来正在进行的动作，
Be careful when you are crossing the busy street next time.
3 现在完成时
表示过去的动作已经完成，但对现在仍存在一定影响。也表示持续到现在的动作或状态。
一般常见的时间状语有just, till now, so far, recently ,lately ,for
i have finished my work today.
i have lived here for 6 years.
4 一般过去时
表示在过去时间里发生的动作，存在的状态，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。
Lily left China last week.
5过去进行时过去某个时间正在发生的动作
i was reading books when you called me.
6 过去完成时
表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作。
By the end of last year the teacher had finished the project.
7一般将来时表示在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。
Wait a minute, I will open the door for you.
某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive,come, go ,leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。
I am leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
8,将来进行时表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。
At ten o"clock tomorrow, she will be working in her office.
On Monday from 1 to 3 p.m., i will be attending a meeting.
9, 将来完成时，表示到将来某时某事已发生
Phone us after 8 o"clock this evening. We will have finished dinner by then.
Will you free at 5? Yes, the meeting will have finished by that time.
注意：动词to be的一种形态加上一个带to的动词不定式，用来表示一种事先的安排。
I am to leave in two years. She is to have tea with Betty this afternoon.
If we are to be at the station by nine o"clock we must go now.
一般不常把动词go和come用于be going to结构中，而常用现在进行式来代替be going to结构，即通常不用I"m going to go 而用I am going, 不用I am going to come
而用I am coming.
I am going to Suzhou tomorrow morning.