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非限制性定语从句的特殊用法(不懂这些不能算完全理解了定语从句)

句子大全 2008-03-24 23:13:51
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在英语的各种考试中,非限制性定语从句是一个重要的考点,我们也很容易将它与限制性定语从句型弄混。

在前两篇已经分享了非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别、非限制性定语从句的引导词的用法,今天分享一下非限制性定语从句的一些特殊用法。(文章末尾总结了思维导维可供使用)

第一, 分离型非限制性定语从句

这种非限制性定语从句是关系词与它所引导的从句被其他词或短语隔开,所以叫做分离型非限制性定语从句。

【例】The teacher was much kinder to Tom than to other students, which, of course, made the others envy him.

第二、同位关系的非限制性定语从句

有同位关系是指在“不定代词+ of which”结构中,不定代词是用作同位语的。这类代词有each, any, all, both, either, neither, none等。

【例】I have a box full of things, each of which has associations for me.

第三、有整体与部分关系的非限制性定语从句

在“表整体中的一部分+of which/whom”结构中, 介词of表示整体与部分之间的关系。表部分的词有基数词(one, two, three等),序数词(the first, the second, the last等),分数词(a third等),表数量的不定代词(some, many, several, a few, half等),比较级(the smaller等)

【例】 There are five cups left, two of which is finished and the others of which are not quite.

“表整体中的一部分+of which/whom”也可以是“of which/whom+表整体中的一部分”.

【例】There were 50 students, 45 of whom passed the exam. = There were 50 students, of whom 45 passed the exam.

第四、有所有关系的非限制性定语从句

在“名词+of which/whom”结构里,介词of表所有关系。

【例】The factory used 50 percent of the pins, the rest of which were used for other purposes.

第五、“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句

关系代词前的介词的选择是由介词与先行词或从句中谓语动词/形容词等的搭配关系所决定的。

【例】Tom receive training on English for 2 years, after which he found a job in a foreign-owned company.

第六、关系代词作定语

当关系代词作定语时,它一般位于名词前,这时,可以做定语的有whose与which。

Whose作定语时,它相当于物主代one’s, 所有格结构the…of …

Which作定语时,它相当于指示代词this或that

【例】Tom comes at 5 o’clock in the morning, at which time I am usually fast asleep.

【例】Tom went to see his friends the Smiths, whose children he used to look after when they were young.

第七、非限制性定语从句与特殊句式构成复杂的结构

【例】The supermarket were closed, which was why Tom did not get any bread. 这是which引导的非限制性定语从句与特殊句式that is why相结合。

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