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实用英语语法 第十三讲(实义动词)

句子大全 2011-01-28 11:15:42
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实用英语语法

第十三讲

实义动词

实义动词的基本特征

表示动作的动词有两个特征需要我们体会:

1. 实义动词根据持续时间可以分为延续性动词和短暂性动词

wear 穿着(延续性动词) put on 穿上(短暂性动词)

stay 留在(延续性动词) leave 离开(短暂性动词)

很容易,是不是?

关键是要记住在句子中如果是一段时间,就一定不能用短暂性动词!要知道用具有相同意思的延续性动词代替它们。尤其是在完成时里,对很多人来说如何正确表达是个大难题。

He fell asleep immediately. ()

他马上就睡着了。

He has slept for 9 hours. ()

他睡了9个小时了。

He has gone to New York. ()

他去纽约了(可能在来回的路上,也可能已经在纽约)

但要表示去过几次,得这样说:

He has never been to New York. ()

他没去过纽约

He has been to New York 3 times. ()

他去过3次纽约。

How long have you arrived here? ()

arrive 到达是短暂性动词,得用been代替。

How long have you been here? ()

你到这多久了?

His father has left his hometown since he was 15 years old. ()

leave是短暂性动词,不能和一段时间连用。

His father has been away from his hometown since he was 15 years old. ()

他父亲从十五岁就离开家乡了。

His father left his hometown when he was 15 years old. ()

他父亲十五岁时离开家乡。

还有一种情况,要正确使用until也要注意谓语动词是延续性动词还是短暂性动词:

He didn"t sleep until 2 o"clock in the morning. ()

He didn"t go to bed until 2 o"clock in the morning. ()

他凌晨2点才睡觉。

如果谓语动词是延续性动词,要用肯定句表达;如果是短暂性动词一定要用否定句表达。

We waited for him until he called to tell us he couldn"t come.

我们一直等到他打电话来说他来不来了。

She didn"t show up until we left.

我们走了后她才到。

以下是一些延续性动词和短暂性动词互换,供大家参考

1. 动词换动词:

buy→have

borrow→keep

come/go/become→be,

catch/get a cold→have a cold

get to know→know

put on→wear

put on→be on

come to work→work

begin to study→study

2. 动词换系动词be:

join the club→ be a club member be a member of the club

join the army→be a soldier/be in the army

go to school→be a student/be in/at school

die→be dead

finish/end→be over

begin/start→be on

come→be here/in

go→be away

go out→be out

arrive/get/reach/move→be in/at

move→be out of

leave→be away(from)

go /get to sleep→sleep

fall asleep→be asleep

wake→be awake

get up→be up

fall ill→be ill/sick

open→be open

close→be closed

lose→be lost

break→be broken

marry→be married

2. 实义动词根据是否跟宾语才能表达完整意思,可分为及物动词和不及物动词。

及物动词和不及物动词的区别也是许多初学英语的朋友颇为头疼的一个问题。其实一般来说,在中文里需要加上宾语的英语里也一样,也就是说,我们母语里是及物动词,英语里也大多是及物动词:

火车5点半到的。

The train arrived at 5:30.

火车5点半到站的。

The train arrived at the station at 5:30.

(不及物动词可以跟介词宾语)

We waited and waited.

我们等啊等。

We are waiting for our teacher.

我们在等老师。

They left early in the morning.

他们一早就走了。

The sun rises in the East.

太阳从东方升起。

当然,中文有时很灵活,“发生火灾了”,“火灾发生了”

英语里一般只有:A fire broke out.

简而言之,及物不及物等我们熟悉英语到一定程度,那都不是个事!

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