智用英语高频动词短语(Phrasal Verb)第5课 Shut up and take my money
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这节课我们接着聊包含有“up”这个小品词的动词短语:
1.Hang up
Hang up这个短语字面意思是“挂上去”,但它还有一个非常重要的引申含义:早期电话刚刚被发明的时候有很多电话机,特别是电话亭里面的电话机都是挂式的,通话结束的时候就需要把听筒挂上去完成挂电话的动作,久而久之,hang up这个短语就有了挂电话的意思,而且它通常是指在话没说完就把电话挂掉。
喜欢看美剧《老友记》的朋友应该都记得下面这个GIF里这个经典的打电话桥段:
在口语中,挂某人的电话通常用 hang up on somebody的形式表达:例句:Don"t you dare hang up on me!
2.Hook up
Hook是钩子的意思,Hook up的字面含义是将两个物体连(钩)在一起。例句:The plumber hooked the pipes up to the shower.
在口语中,hook up也有一个非常常用的引申含义,指与某人发生了随意的性关系例句:I can"t believe you hooked up with my ex-boyfriend!
3.Keep up
Keep up是一个含义非常丰富的动词短语,这里我们挑几个最常用的介绍给大家:
1.跟得上进度例句:You can follow me if you want, but try to keep up.
2.持续关注某事或某人的最新动态,例句:It"s so hard to keep up with the news these days, especially when a huge story breaks every day.
美国有一个非常有名的真人秀《Keeping up with the Kardashians》,这里面的keep up取的就是上面这个意思。
3.保持某种良好状态,通常用于祈使句里鼓励某人继续坚持。例句:Wow, these look great. Keep up the good work, James!
4.Light up
字面含义为照亮例句:Fireworks lit up the night sky.
引申含义为,将一个人的心情照亮,也就是使某人开心:例句:I"m sure she likes you—you just light her up whenever you"re around.
5.Look up
这个短语字面意思是向上看,但是通常在英语中它表达的并不是字面含义,它最常用的含义是:搜索,查询某条信息。例句:Can you look up the definition of this word for me?
当后面接“to someone”的时候,它的意思指崇拜敬仰某人。例句:The students really looked up to Mr. Jones.
6.Make up
Make是英语中最最常用的一个动词,跟up组合在一起含义也非常多,这里挑几个最常见给大家解释一下:1.后面接with someone的时候,指与某人发生矛盾后和好例句:They argue a lot, but they always kiss and make up.
2.编故事,说谎例句:He made up some excuse about his daughter being sick.
3.酒店打扫房间,例如你去国外住酒店,如果需要服务员打扫房间,就可以说,Would you please make up the room please?
当make和up合体的时候,它又变成了一个非常常用的名词:makeup"化妆“。但是说化妆的时候通常用的是put这个动词,最常见的搭配是“put makeup on”.例句:She put so much makeup today that I can barely recognize her.
7.Man up
Man是男人的意思,man up指像男人一样鼓起勇气,通常用于祈使句中,类似的表达方式还有:“Be a man!”它与man up在某些语境下可以互换。例句:He should man up and tell his boss what he really thinks.
8.Meet up
Meet这个词本身就是“遇见”的意思,单独用meet的时候,通常指的是无意的邂逅,但是当和up一起使用的时候,则指有计划的碰面,它通常的固定表达方式为“meet up with somebody”.例句:I"m meeting up with my old friends for dinner tonight.
Meet和up合体时候变成一个名词,Meetup指“见面会”的意思,通常meetup是非正式的,而meeting则更为正式。
9.Mess up
还记得我们上节课曾经的讲过的粗口短语“fuck up”么,mess up可以被当做它的文明版同义词,指搞砸,搞乱的意思。例句:If you cancel now you"ll mess up all my arrangements.
10.Open up
字面意思为"打开",例如open up a bottle, 但是它还有一层引申含义,指打开心扉,开怀倾诉。例句:It’s taken a few months, but Katy is finally starting to open up to me.
11.Pack up
Pack作为名词是“包”的意思,例如背包是“backpack”,当动词的时候指“打包”,通常与up搭配组成一个动词短语。Have you packed up your luggage? The flight is leaving in 3 hours!
12.Pile up
指。。。堆成山, 它可以用来形容垃圾,杂物,衣服等具体概念,也可以用来形容“工作,作业”这样的抽象概念例句:Work always piles up at the end of the year.
13.Power up
在英语口语中,“电”这个概念有两种表达方法,比较容易理解的是“electricity”,但是在口语中更常用则是"Power",例如发电厂是Power Plant,而不是Eletricity Plant, Power up指的是给电器设备通电,供电。例句:You need to put the the red button twice to power up that machine.
14.Put up with
一个在英语口语非常常用的表达方式,指忍受令人不愉快的人或者事,可以用来替换“Tolerate”这个词。例句:I will not put up with your bad behavior any longer!
15.Save up
“Save”这个动词在单独使用的有拯救,节省的意思,但是当与up组成词组后,指的是积攒。例句:I"ve been saving up so I can afford to buy a new iPhone this year.
16.Set up
早些年经常使用电脑的朋友可能都对Setup.exe这个文件名不陌生,set up通常指的就是安装的意思。例句:She set up her stereo in her bedroom.Set up的另外一个意思是栽赃陷害,特指做局陷害某人例句:He denied the charges, saying the police had set him up.
17.Show up
现身,出现例句:We had been waiting for him for 3 hours, thank god he finally showed up.
18.Shut up
一个在英语口语里非常常见的短语,通常用于祈使句中,意思为:闭嘴!例句:Just shut up and listen!
19.Speak up
这个短语根据不同的语境有两重含义:1.说话大声一点例句:Please speak up—we can"t hear you at the back.
2.直抒胸臆,畅所欲言例句:If anyone has a better idea, please speak up.
20.Speed up
Speed的原意是“速度”,Speed up指“加速”,例如你叫了一个出租车赶着去机场,你除了可以告诉司机“faster”以外,还可以说:“Can you please speed up a bit, we are going to be late for the flight.”
21.Spice up
Spice在英文中指调料,厨用香料的意思,在Spice up这个词组中它变成一个动词,指添加香料,除了字面含义外,它还有一层引申含义,指添油加醋的意思:例句:Newspaper reports tend to spice up the real story.
22.Split up
字面含义为:将某物分割成小部分例句:The day was split up into 6 one-hour sessions.to divide something into smaller parts
还有一层引申含义,指夫妻或情侣分手例句:My parents split up when I was 5 years old.
23.Start up
最近两年大众创新万众创业,大家肯定也对这个词组很熟悉了,它的字面意思是“启动”:例句:I cannot start up the engine because it"s too cold outside.大家比较熟悉的另外一个含义是“创业”,后面通常跟的宾语为business。例句:She left the company last year to start up her own business.当Start与up合体为一个词的后,"startup"指创业公司。
24.Stay up
我们在第一课曾讲到过“Up”有起床的含义,那么stay up就是保持起床状态的意思,也就是熬夜不睡觉例句:I stayed up all night to watch the football games.
25.Stir up
Stir的意思是搅拌,stir up的字面含义是搅拌均匀例句:Make sure to stir up the curry before you serve it.
它还有一层引申含义,指搅局, 制造混乱状况例句:The mayor has been stirring up controversy again with another inflammatory remark.
26.Suck up
Suck本身是"吮吸"的意思,但是Suck这个短语指的是“溜须拍马”例句:Stop sucking up just to try to get an A. Just study like everyone else.
用短横线连体后“Suck-up”可以做名词,指爱拍马屁的人。
27.Team up
Team作为名词是团队的意思,在Team up动词短语的意思是:组成团队。例句:If we teamed up, we could solve this crime in no time.
28.Take up
Take是英语里最常用的动词之一,它最常用的意思是“拿”,但在“take up”这个动词短语中,它的含义是:花费,占据(空间或者时间)。例句:I like the way the desk looks, but it takes up too much space in my office.
29.Tear up
Tear这个词做名词时候意为“眼泪”,发音为\tir\,但是当动词时候指“撕”这个动作,发音为\ter\, tear up这个动词短语指:“撕裂”例句:He tore up the letter angrily and threw it into the garbage can.
美国著名男生组合"Nsync曾经有过一首很有名的歌,Tearin" Up My Heart:
30.Top Up
这是一个在国外旅行时候常能用到的动词短语,它的意思是充值,电话没有花费了,需要Top up一下才能继续用。例句:With our pay-as-you-go cell phone plans, you can top up over the phone or at various stores around the country.
31.Turn up
Turn是“转动”的意思增加,老式家用电器的音量控制通常一个旋钮,通过转动来调节,因此“Turn up”这个动词短语指的就是将音量调高。例句:Can you turn up the volume on the TV? I can"t hear anything the reporter is saying.
31.Wake up
唤醒或者(从睡眠或者昏厥状态中)醒过来例句:Siri, please wake me up at 5am tomorrow morning.酒店的“叫早服务”在英文中的说法就是“Wake Up Call”
32.Warm up
Warm本身是一个形容词,指温暖的,与up组合在一起行程了一个动词短语,有两重含义:1.气温从寒冷状态逐渐升高例句:You can put your coat away because the weatherman says it"s going to warm up this week.
2.热身,特别是剧烈体育运动或者表演之前的准备活动。例句:You need to warm up properly before playing football, otherwise it"s really easy to get injured.
33.Zip up
“Zip”在英语中本身是一个拟声词,指物体快速划过时候产生的摩擦声,我们在日常生活中使用到最频繁的会产生Zip声音的东西应该就是“拉锁”了,于是在英文中拉锁就是“Zipper”,zip up作为一个动词短语的字面意思就是拉上拉锁,例句:Hey, I think you forgot to zip up your backpack.
当然,它也有一层引申含义,指闭嘴,可以脑补嘴上有拉锁,拉上拉锁就是闭嘴:例句:Zip up! I"m trying to watch a movie here!
为了能让大家切实地掌握这些动词短语,我在Memrise上编辑上线了一套伴侣课程,你可以在伴侣课程里找到上文中所有的动词短语,以及短语的中英文注释和例句,借助Memrise的间隔回忆系统,你可以系统科学地把这些动词短语放入你的长期记忆,最终达到学以致用的目的。伴侣课程会随着系列文章的推送同步更新。