趣味科普学英语 53（风靡一时的苹果醋真的有益健康吗）
《趣味科普学英语》介绍
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导读
网上关于苹果醋的用处的说法有很多，这些说法都是正确的吗，让我们一起来看一看。
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中英文文本
等等 你们是怎么拉近镜头的
Benji Jones: Wait, how zoomed-in are you?
互联网有多种用途
The internet is good for many things,
但是提供可信的自然疗法建议
but providing trustedadvice on natural remedies
绝对不是其中之一
is definitely not one of them,
尤其是在涉及苹果醋的方面
especially when it comesto apple cider vinegar.
谷歌的快速搜索会告诉你
A quick Google search will show you that people use it
苹果醋的用途广泛 比如清洁牙齿
for everything from cleaning their teeth
以及治疗酵母感染
to curing yeast infections.
所以如果互联网上的人正在这样做
So if people on the internet are doing it,
那就值得尝试 对吧？
it’s worth trying, right?
绝对是错的
Definitely wrong.
因为不仅没有足够的证据支持
Because not only is there little evidence to support
大多数苹果醋的使用方法是正确的
most of the uses for apple cider vinegar,
而且其中一些方法会直接对你造成伤害
but some of them arestraight-up bad for you.
苹果醋本质上就是发酵过的果汁
Apple cider vinegar isbasically just fermented juice.
酵母使苹果汁里的糖分解为酒精
Yeast turns the sugars inapple juice into alcohol,
然后细菌将酒精转化为醋酸
and bacteria then turns that alcohol into acetic acid,
这种化学物质与苹果醋的大部分功效有关
the chemical linked to most of cider vinegar’s alleged benefits.
但是这里有一点 这种发酵过程并不是苹果醋所特有的
But here’s the thing: This process isn’t unique to apple cider vinegar.
事实上 醋酸在所有的醋里都存在
In fact, acetic acid isin all types of vinegar,
无论是白葡萄酒还是意大利黑醋
from white wine to balsamic.
让苹果醋与众不同的主要原因是
The main thing that makescider vinegar different
它可能比意大利黑醋更容易下咽
is that it might be easier to swallow than a straight-up swig of balsamic.
并且如果你那么想把它一大口喝下去
And if you are soinclined to gulp it down,
除非是因为其中有你在意的好处
there’s at least one benefityou can look forward to.
研究显示在饭后喝苹果醋
Research shows that drinkingcider vinegar after a meal
可能会帮助降低血糖
may help lower your blood-sugar levels.
研究已经证明
Edwin McDonald: So studieshave demonstrated that when
人们享用高淀粉含量的一餐后
people eat a high-starchmeal and follow it
喝一点苹果醋
with a little bit of apple cider vinegar,
则餐后血糖的上升
the blood sugars after eating those meals
可能不会和空白对照组的人一样多
may not go up as much compared to when you eat placebo.
Edwin McDonald是医生也是科班出身的厨师
That’s ndtrained chef Edwin McDonald.
他说仅仅摄入20克苹果醋
He says that ingesting as little as 20 grams of apple cider vinegar
就已经被证明可以减缓食物
has been shown to slow the release of food
从胃到肠道的释放
from your stomach into your intestines.
在那里 你的身体将把像意大利面一样的淀粉类食物分解为糖
That’s where your body breaks down starches like pasta into sugars,
因此……
and as a result…
你不会很快吸收这些糖分
You’re not gonnaabsorb those sugars as quickly.
而你不快速吸收糖分
So when you don’t absorbsugars as quickly,
你的胰岛素水平就不会飙升
your insulin levelsreally don’t rise as much,
所以你的血糖也不会上升太多
and your blood sugar doesn’t rise as much.
这对糖尿病和糖尿病前期患者来说
And that’s great news for anyone
是一个好消息
who’s diabetic or pre-diabetic.
现在 不管你在网上读到什么减肥知识
Now, despite what you read online,
它可能不会帮助你减肥
it probably won’t help you lose weight.
我也经营着一家体重管理诊所
I also run a weight-management clinic,
这个问题经常出现
and this question comes up all the time. Jones:
但是在饭后降低你的血糖
But lowering your bloodsugar after a meal is just
是喝苹果醋的唯一好处
about the only benefit ofdrinking apple cider vinegar.
研究表示
Research does suggest
老鼠摄入醋酸可减缓体脂的积累
that acetic acid can slow down the accumulation of body fat
并且预防代谢紊乱
and prevent metabolicdisorders in mice and rats.
但是没有足够的证据表明这对人类有同样的效果
But there’s little evidence that it has the same effect on humans.
在一个减肥实验中 30个志愿者
In one weight-lossexperiment, 30 volunteers
喝下两汤匙苹果醋
drank two tablespoons ofeither apple cider vinegar,
麦芽醋 或者无效对照剂
malt vinegar, or a placebo drink,
一天两次 连续两个月
twice a day, for two months straight,
没有任何人的体重减轻
and none of them lost weight.
在一个更早期类似设计的研究中
In an older study with a similar design,
参与者确实体重减轻
participants did lose weight, but only about a
但每周只有1/3磅
third of a pound each week,
McDonald说这不是很多
which McDonald says isn’t much.
但如果你不是为了减肥
But if not for weight loss,
用苹果醋来美白你的牙齿怎么样呢
what about using cider vinegar to whiten your teeth?
我警告人们不要这样做
I caution people against that.
因为苹果醋是一种酸
That’s becausecider vinegar is an acid.
事实上 大多数类型的酸的PH值都在2~3之间
In fact, most brands have a pH
这个值和胃酸的值接近
between 2 and 3, which is similar to stomach acid,
所以用它作为漱口水的话
so swishing it around in your mouth
随着时间退推移 这会腐蚀牙齿周围的牙釉质
can over time wear down theenamel around your teeth,
使牙齿变得十分粗糙
leaving them feeling rough to the touch
并且更容易有蛀牙和造成腐烂
and more susceptibleto cavities and decay.
呀
Yikes.
还有人用苹果醋代替洗发水
Then there are the people who use apple cider vinegar as a shampoo replacement.
事实上 这的确有一个很好的理由
And as it turns out, there’s actually a pretty good reason for that.
因为苹果醋具有酸性 McDonald说
Because cider vinegar is soacidic, Dr. McDonald says
它能杀死一些 让你的头发变臭的细菌
it can kill some of the microbes that make your hair stink,
并且它能限制 一种能导致产生头皮屑的真菌的数量
and it can also limit the population of a type of fungus that can lead to dandruff.
但这也有一个缺点
But there’s a flip side.
因为苹果醋酸性太强
Because cider vinegar is so acidic,
它会灼伤或者刺激你的头皮
it can also burn or irritate your scalp.
所以你每次都必须用水稀释它
So you should always dilute it with water.
噢 不管你在网上读到了什么
Oh, and despite what you read online,
苹果醋对头虱是无效的
cider vinegar is not effective against head lice.
事实上 研究发现人们用来消灭虱子的6种办法中
In fact, one study foundthat among six home remedies
如橄榄油和蛋黄酱
that people use to eliminate lice, like olive oil and mayonnaise,
其中苹果醋是最不有效的
apple cider vinegar isthe least effective.
虽然它们其实都不管用
None of them worked though.
关于苹果醋能做什么的说法还有很多
The claims of what applecider vinegar can do don’t stop there.
但至少从现在开始要记住
Just keep in mind that at least from now,
它们都未经过大量科学研究证实
none of them is supported by a largebody of scientific research.
现在 当然 我们不是在讨论味道
Now, of course, we’renot talking about taste.
说到烹饪 苹果醋的美味是毋庸置疑的
When it comes to cooking,there’s no uncertainty: Apple cider vinegar is delicious.
我在做调味品 泡菜 酱汁的时候总是会用到它
I use it all the time when making dressing, pickles, and sauces.
是的 我会做饭
Yes, I cook.
而我不会一吃完饭就认为自己已经吞下了某种灵
I just don’t walk away from meals thinking I’ve just swallowed some ultimate cure-all.