高考短文改错技巧
“短文改错“能够适当弥补“书面表达”的不足,加强试卷对较高水平考生的区分,在高考英语试卷中发挥着重要作用。经过改良,该题的任务真实性程度有所提高,考查内容的广度有所扩大,有助于整份试卷效度的提高。
“短文改错”打破一行一题的设计原则后,命题者可以根据语言考查的实际需要设置试题,可以对各个能够考查的语言点进行考查,而不必像以往那样拘于形式上的限制而不得不在难以设题处强行设题,却不能在明显为考点的地方设题。另外,采用新题型后不必继续强调一处错误一种改法,这也同样扩大了试题的考查范围,同时也更加符合语言运用的实际情况。
“短文改错”综合性较强,可以考查到“书面表达”所要求的许多要素如语法要素、修辞要素、结构要素等,因而在一定程度上可以有效地帮助提高写作部分在全卷中的权重,弥补试卷中选择题题量过大、书面作答题题量过小的缺陷,对中学英语教学起到了良好的反拨作用。同时,该题虽要求考生书面作答,但答案的唯一性较强,能有效地避免评分误差,提高全卷的信度和情景自然、任务真实是这一新型“短文改错”题的主要特点。为鼓励学生相互学习、共同研究、取长补短,中小学外语教师常常要求学生交换批改对方的作业,因此,这一题型所提供的情景和任务类型对考生而言自然而真实。错误可能出现在短文中的任何地方,又使任务的真实性程度较原“短文改错”题有了很大提高。
教育部考试中心命题处刘庆思研究员
(摘自《中小学英语教学与研究》)
短文改错命题特点
1、文章难度不大，故事为主；
2、强调整体把握，连贯思维；
3、没有单词拼写、标点符号或词序错误，
只涉及语法、习惯表达和语义逻辑层面。
短文改错题错误类别及数目：
错词 7-8个缺词 1-2个多词 1-2个考察要点
1、在词法上,主要考查
1、冠词 2、名词 3、代词 4、介词 5、连词 6、形容词
7、 副词 8、时态/语态 9、情态动词 10、非谓语动词
举例说明：
名词
1. He gave me a very good advice yesterday.
去掉 a
2. My family is watching TV.
is 改为 are
冠词
3. The boss wants to hire an useful person.
an 改为 a
4. He played a piano at the party yesterday.
a 改为 the
代词
5. He is one of those speakers who make his ideas perfectly clear.
his 改为 their
6. Whom do you think has left the lights on?
Whom 改为 Who
数词
7. There are fourteen hundreds students in our school.
hundreds 改为 hundred
8. Two third of the students in our school are from America.
third 改为 thirds
形容词和副词
9. The patient appeared nervously when he talked to the doctor.
nervously 改为 nervous
10. He said nearly nothing at the meeting.
nearly 改为 almost
介词
11. Please wait ∧me at the school gate.
∧ 处加 for
12. The car is moving witha speed of 120 kilometers an hour.
with改为 at
时态
13. I will tell her about that when she cametomorrow.
came改为 comes
14. I have boughtthis bike for ten years and I am still using it now.
bought 改为 kept
语态
15. The two thieves have been disappeared.
去掉 been
16. The book written by him is sold well.
去掉is
非谓语动词
17. The girl dressed herself in red is my sister.
dressed 改为 dressing
18. I will get somebody ∧repair the recorder for you.
∧处加 to
从句
19. My suggestion is ∧we try for a second time.
∧处加 that
20. This is the place where we visited last year.
where 改为 Which/that/不填
2、在语篇上,主要考察上下文
1) 时态是否一致； 2) 代词是否一致；
3) 逻辑是否一致； 4) 词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。
短文改错解题步骤
1、通读全文，弄清原文大意；
2、从词法、句法及篇章上斟酌，进行改词、删减或添加；
3、再次通读全文，进行校对， （一般各种改错的方式都应该用到）。
例题：