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高中英语语法;非谓语动词;动名词详解

句子大全 2013-05-21 19:51:09
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高中英语语法复习;非谓语动词 动名词详解

动名词

1)动名词与不定式的区别:

动名词表达的是: 状态,性质,心境,抽象,经常性,已发生的

不定式表达的是: 目的,结果,原因,具体,一次性,将发生的

2)有些动词如continue接不定式或动名词作宾语,意义基本相同。

3)有些动词如continue接不定式或动名词作宾语,意义大相径庭。

特殊词精讲

1. stop doing/to do

stop to do停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事,stop doing停止做某事。例如:

They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来,抽了根烟。

I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。

She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___on a big rock by the side of the path.

A. to have restedB. resting C. to restD. rest

答案:C。由题意可知,她到了山顶,停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此,应选择"stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事\"。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止,所以stop doing sth.不正确。

2. forget doing/to do

forget to do忘记要去做某事,forget doing忘记做过某事。例如:

The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着,他忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)

He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)

---- The light in the office is still on. ---- Oh,I forgot___.

A. turning it off B. turn it off

C. to turn it off D. having turned it off

答案:C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了,而忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。

3. remember doing/to do

remember to do 记得去做某事,remember doing记得做过某事。

例如:

Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。

Don"t you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

4. regret doing/to do

regret to do对将要做的事遗憾,

regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔。例如:

I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没有办法。

I don\"t regret telling her what I thought.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。

---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

---Well, now I regret ___ that.

A. to do B. to be doing

C.to have done D.having done

答案:D。regret having done sth. 对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth. 对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔,因此选D。

5. cease doing/to do

cease to do 长时间,甚至永远停做某事,

cease doing 短时停止做某事,以后还会接着做。例如:

That department has ceased to exist forever. 那个系已不复存在。

The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.

姑娘们在老师走过时,停了会聊天。

6. try doing/to do

try to do努力,企图做某事,try doing试验,试着做某事。例如:

You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。

I tried gardening but didn"t succeed. 我试着种果木花卉,但未成功。

7. go on doing/to do

go on to do做了一件事后,接着做另一件事,

go on doing继续做原来做的事。例如:

After he had finished his maths,he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后,他接着去做物理。

Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后,接着做其他的练习

8. be afraid doing/to do

be afraid to do不敢,胆怯去做某事,是主观上的原因不去做,意为"怕",

be afraid of doing担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的,意为"生怕,恐怕"。例如:

She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.

她生怕被蛇咬着,不敢在草丛中再走一步。

She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。

She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。

9. be interested doing/to do

be interested to do对做某事感兴趣,想了解某事,

be interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣,doing 通常为想法。

I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道发生了什么事。(想了解)

I"m interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?

我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? (一种想法

10. mean to doing/to do

mean to do 打算、想,

mean doing意味着。例如:

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去,但是我父亲不肯让我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 增加工资意味着增加购买力。

11. begin(start) doing/to do

1) 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时,使用doing。例如:

How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴?

2) begin, start用进行时时,后面动词用不定式to do。例如:

I was beginning to get angry。我开始生起气来。

3) 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时,常用不定式to do。例如:

I begin to understand the truth。我开始明白真相。

4) 事物作主语时。例如:

The snow began to melt.雪开始融化了

12. 感官动词 + doing/to do

感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do

表示动作的完整性,+doing 表示动作的进行性。例如:

I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活。

典型例题

1)They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.

A. grow B. grew

C. was growing D. to grow

答案:A。因题意为,他们看着她长大,因此强调的是成长的过程,而非正在长的动作,因此用see sb do sth 的句型。

2)The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.

A. playing B. to be playingC. playD. to play

答案A. 本题强调其动作,正在河边玩,应此用see sb. doing sth句型。

1. 动名词作主语

1) 名词直接放在句首作主语。例如:

Using the right hand to shake hands is a convention in many countries.

用右手握手是许多国家的一种习俗。

2) 动名词在“It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名词 + doing”结构中作主语,it为形式主语。例如:

It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.写信给他不妥,他从来不回信。

It is no use your complaining; the company won’t do anything about it.

抱怨是没有用的,公司是不会管的。

3) 动名词在“It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile 等形容词 + doing”结构中作主语。例如:It is good playing chess after supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。

It is useless speaking.光说是没有用的。

4) 动名词在“There is(was) no + doing”结构中作主语。例如:

There is no denying that she is very efficient.她效率高是不容否认的。

There is no telling what he is going to do.他要做什么一点消息都没有。

2. 动名词作宾语

1) 有些动词后面要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词有:

admit 承认 ; excuse 原谅 ; postpone 拖延 ;

anticipate 期望; fancy 想象 practise 练习;

appreciate 欣赏; finish 完成; prevent 防止;

avoid 避免;forbid 禁止; propose 建议;

consider 考虑; forgive 宽恕; recollect 回忆;

delay 耽搁; imagine 想象; resent 厌恶; deny 否认;

involve 涉及;resist 抵制; detest 厌恶; keep 保留;

risk 冒险; dislike 讨厌; mind 在意;save 挽救;

dread 害怕; miss 错过; suggest 建议; enjoy 喜欢;

pardon 原谅;understand 理解; escape 逃避;permit 允许

I recommend buying the dictionary.我建议买这本词典。

I don"t anticipate meeting any opposition.我估计不会遇到任何反对意见。

Will you admit having broken the window?你承认不承认打破了窗户?

2) 有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词短语有:

can"t stand 忍不住; can"t help 忍不住; feel like 想,欲;give up 放弃; put off 推迟

He put off making a decision till he had more information.

在获得详情之前,他没有急于作出决定。

Do you feel like taking a walk?

你要不要去散步?

3) 动名词常跟在介词或介词短语后做宾语。常这样用的介词短语有:instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on, see about, take to 等。

We are looking forward to coming to China.我们期待着来中国。

We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties.我们终于克服了所有的困难。

4) 在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + 动名词; be busy (in) + 动名词;waste time (in) + 动名词;lost time (in) + 动名词;There is no point (in) + 动名词”等结构中,动名词做介词宾语,in常要省去。例如:

The children are busy doing their homework.孩子们忙于做作业。

There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again.

再做一次这种简单的实验是毫无意义的。

5) 在复合宾语中,用it作形式宾语,将动名词短语放在后面。

I consider it a waste of time arguing about it.我认为辩论这事是很浪费时间的。

6) 在“there be”结构当中,be为动名词时,该结构也是一种带逻辑主语的动名词形式。例如:

We can imagine there being a lot of fuss about it.我们可以想象到人们对此大惊小怪。

Were you disappointed at there not having been more gifts?你对没有更多的礼物感到失望吗?

3. 动名词的被动式

1) 动词need, require, want, deserve后,用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。其用法相当于不定式的被动结构。例如:

The watch needs repairing. (=The watch needs to be repaired.)这块表需要修理。

The problem deserves thinking about. (=The problem deservers to be thought about.)

这个问题值得考虑。

2) 在(be)worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。

His suggestion is worth considering.他的提议值得考虑。

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