初中英语语法高频考点：非谓语动词

1. 语法详解

一．不定式

1．构成：to＋动词原形，具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。

My father asked me not to read in bed.

2．不定式的句法作用

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、宾语、宾语 补足语、定语和状语等。

(1)作主语

动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，构成下列结构：

It is adj. for sb. to do sth.(此结构中不能说sb. is adj.)

It is adj. of sb. to do sth.(此结构中可以说sb. is adj.) 或者：It is + n.+ to do sth.

It"s important (for us) to protect the environment.

It is time (for us) to have dinner.

注：当在kind, good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。 It"s very kindof you to help me.

(2)作宾语

①一些谓语动词后用不定式作宾语（V+to do sth.），如：

want, need, would like, wish, hope, expect, help, learn, agree, manage, offer, plan=make a plan, promise, refuse, be+情感类adj.+ to do sth., can’t wait, get/be ready to do, take turns, try/do one’s best, decide=make a decision, choose, fail, prepare, afford, pretend, arrange, beg, demand, determine, fear, deserve

②在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。

I find it easy to read English every day.

(3)宾语补足语

动词不定式作宾补时，它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。

Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.

① 后面可以接动词不定式做宾补的动词有（V+sb. to do sth.）：

allow, want, would like, ask, tell, encourage, expect, wish, get, help, warn

② 不带to 的动词不定式也可以做宾补（V+sb. do sth.）

这类动词有make ,let, have 等，另外还有感官动词如，see, watch, hear, feel, find , notice等。

(4)作定语

动词不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。

I have a lot of homework to do.

不定式是不及物动词时，作定语不能省去介词。

Weihai is a good place to live in.

(5)作状语

Mrs Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter. (目的)

(6)做表语

My dream is to be a scientist.

3．不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not。

They told us not to playbasketball too long.

4．不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。

He didn"t know where to go. (where to go＝where he should go)

5.序数词the first，second... last(+ n.)加不定式

She is always the first one to come and the last one to leave.

二. 动名词

1.构成：动名词由动词原形＋ing构成。动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

(1)作主语

动词做主语常用动名词形式，且后面的谓语动词用单数

Eating too much is bad for your health.

注：动名词和动词不定式作主语，在许多情况下可以通用，但动名词作主语多表示抽象或多次的行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。

(2)作表语

My mother"s job is raising chicken.

(3)作宾语

只能接动名词做宾语的动词有：（V+doing）

enjoy, finish, mind, can’t stand, be busy, keep(on), feel like, have fun/trouble/difficulty/problems in, practice, finish, give up, consider, put off, suggest, miss, imagine, can’t help/stop be worth, avoid, end up, allow, be/get used to(习惯于)forgive sb. for doing sth., delay, escape,

(4)作定语

放在名词前，说明该名词的功能或用途时。如swimming pool, living room, sleeping bag, hiding place等

如：Let"s join the singing group.