学习宾语从句 我们应该注意三个方面：连接词（语序和时态）

学习宾语从句,我们应该注意三个方面：连接词、语序和时态。

一、连接词

1. that引导宾语从句时,that只起连接作用,不充当句子成分,也没有词义,常可省略。如:

●I know(that) he is a Canadian athlete.

2. whether或if引导宾语从句时,whether或if在句中不充当句子成分,意为“是否”,不可省略。如:

●I don’t know whether/ if my parents agree with me.

注意:与or not直接连用时只能用whether不可用if。如:

●He didn’t say whether or not he would be staying here.

3. what, who, whose, which等连接代词和when, where, how, why等连接副词引导宾语从句时,这些词在从句中充当一定的句子成分,都有各自的词义,不能省略。如:

●He didn’t understand what the teacher said.

●I don’t know when we will have a meeting.

二、语序

1. 在含有宾语从句的复合句中,宾语从句须用陈述句语序。如:

●Do you know where he lives?

2. 当主句的谓语动词是 think, believe, guess, suppose, imagine, expect等词时,宾语从句中的否定词常常转移到主句中,译为汉语时,仍把从句翻译成否定的意思。否定转移句的主语一般是第一人称。如:

●I don’t think (that) Tom is wrong.

我认为汤姆没错。

三、时态

1. 当主句的谓语动词是现在时态或一般将来时的时候,宾语从句的谓语动词可根据需要使用各种时态。但如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词也必须使用相应的过去时态。如:

●I want to know how he came yesterday.

●She asked if he was leaving for Beijing soon.

2. 宾语从句表述的是客观事实或普遍真理时,不管主句的谓语动词是什么时态,宾语从句仍使用一般现在时。如:

●The teacher told us that the moon moves around the earth.

用法注意

一、if和when既能引导宾语从句,又能引导状语从句。因此,一定要认清它们一种形式的“两副面孔”,从而准确地判断句子的类型。如:

I don’t know if / when he will come tomorrow. (宾语从句)

If / When he comes, I’ll tell you about it.(状语从句)

二、 宾语从句与简单句

含有宾语从句的复合句有时可以变为简单句。该知识点在句型转换的题型中经常会作为考点出现。现归纳如下:

1. 在某些由疑问词(why除外)引导的宾语从句的复合句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,原复合句可以变为简单句。

【变法】把宾语从句转换为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作主句谓语动词的宾语。如:

I want to know how I can open the door.

→I want to know how to open the door.

2. 在某些由疑问词(why除外)引导的宾语从句的复合句中,当从句的主语与主句谓语动词的间接宾语一致时,原复合句可以变为简单句。

【变法】把宾语从句转换为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作主句谓语动词的复合宾语。如:

Could you tell me how I can get to the post office?

→Could you tell me how to get to the post office?

3. 在某些由that引导的宾语从句的复合句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致时,原复合句可以变为简单句。

【变法】原复合句可变为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”的句型。如:

We found that the boy was very clever.

→We found the boy very clever.

I saw that they were playing basketball there.

→I saw them playing basketball there.

Exercises

1.I want to know_____the day after tomorrow.

A.what he will do B.what will he do

C.what he did D.what did he do

2.---Could you please tell me_______?

----It’s next to the post office.

A.where is the supermarket. B.where the supermarket is

C. where was the supermarket D.where the supermarket was

3.No one can be sure_____in a million years.

A.what man looks like B.what will man look like

C.man will look like what D.what man will look like

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