英语写作系列（句子）

英语写作水平主要取决以下几个方面的问题：

第一、英语基础差。写出的句子都是语法错误。

第二、缺乏词汇量，对已学过的词汇记忆不清，更不会应用已学内容。

第三、思想表达不清。

我们来看一下具体例子：

1） Some one consider that fresh water will not touch its end.

2） One man"s life lack of money, he will impossible to live on.

3） As is known that there are much fake commodities in today"s society.

上面的例句具有典型性，代表了中等水平。从这些例句中不难看出，中等水平的学生，事实上也包括中上等水平的考生，在写作上存在的主要问题是表达思想不清楚。英文写作翻译化而非创作化。表达思想不清楚的主要原因是学生在写作中普遍存在严重汉化的英语，即中式英语，比如： "man can live happiness"， "Man is iron, and food is steel.", ＂Women are half side sky.＂。此外，语言错误的普遍性和严重性十分惊人，比如，主谓不一致，名词单复数不分，动词时态语态滥用，常用词拼写错误比比皆是。这些严重地影响了思想的表达。教学实践表明，多数学生在写作上的主要欠缺不是系统的写作理论和方法，而是最基本的单句写作能力。

我们说文章无论长短，都是由句子组成的，句子是表达思想的最基本的单位。因此，句子是否能写得正确、达意和清楚，将直接影响整篇文章的写作质量。英语教学的实践表明，写作成绩长期得不到明显提高的主要原因是欠缺写好单句的能力。我们将从剖析学生作文中的典型病句入手，对写作测试中的基本句子结构和写法进行评议和分析，来帮助大家进一步提高句子写作能力。

否定结构除了在助动词、情态动词，be和have后面加not之外，还有许多不含not的否定结构。若能正确使用他们，文章会显得生动活泼，增加写作的闪光点。下面我们就来看看:

1． 含有否定意义的词汇和短语英文

以下列举的词和词组本身就具有否定的含义，因此无需用否定词。

介词against, beyond, but, except, without,...

形容词和动词absent, deny, differ, different, fail, free, ignore, miss, refuse, the last, used to,

reluctant, lack, want,...

短语keep...from, protect...from, prevent...from, let alone, at a loss, in vain, instead of, out

of the question, rather than, too...to, by no means, anything but,...

我们再看以下例句：

1）Women fail to get the equal rights in some countries.

2）This is by no means the best way to solve the problem of energy crisis.

3）We should protect trees from being destroyed.

4） In the past, we could not make a nail, let alone(make) machines.

2． 含有半否定意义的词语英文写作翻译

barely, hardly, few, little, rarely, scarcely, seldom, not all, not everyone, not everything,...

1)We could hardly see any fresh vegetables in winter on market several years ago

2） These young people know little about how to choose good books to read.

3． 不含否定意义的否定结构

有些词和词组形式上是否定结构，但其含义是肯定的，比如：cannot but, can"t help,

no sooner...than, not...until, in no time, none other than, nothing but,等等。

1） We can"t but face the reality.

2） These old buildings will be replaced by modern apartment buildings in no time.

4． 否定结构的倒装语序英文写作翻译

我们有时为了强调而把否定词和词组放在句首，这时句子结构应倒装。

1） On no account should we follow blindly.

2） No where has the world ever seen such great enthusiasm for learning as in ours.

五、 含有it的结构英文写作翻译

常见病句：

1. As is known to all of us that science and technology play an important role in the development of society.

2. It is known to us, practice makes perfect.

正确表达：

1. It is known to all of us that science and technology play an important role in thedevelopment of society. (或:As is known to all of us, science...)

2. It is known to us that practice makes perfect. (或:As is known to us, practice...)

很显然，混淆了it和as的用法。如果用it作形式主语，后面的主语从句必须由that引起；如果用as，则后面不能用that，因为as是关系代词，代表practice makes perfect。it 在英语中是个相当活跃的代词，在写作中我们常要使用它。

以下几种用法应熟练掌握，并能灵活运用。

1．作形式主语

It is necessary for us to master a foreign language skillfully.

It makes difference whether we could purify the air or not.

2.作形式宾语

We find it rather difficult to prevent people from doing that.

Modern science has made it possible for babies to grow healthily and for people to live longer.

3.引导强调句

It is only by this way that we can achieve success.

It was then that people began to realize the importance of controlling population.

从语法结构来看，上述的句子都不难，或者可以说是相当熟悉的。然而在写作中，多数学生缺乏运用自己已掌握的句式的意识，而以自己头脑中所拼凑的中式英语取而代之。其实，只要能恰当地运用上述的任何一个句式，我们的写作就会出现些许闪光点，从而取得满意的成绩。