第一 第二条件句练习（First or Second Conditional）

Hey there I"m Emma from mmmEnglish! Welcome to another English grammar lesson here at mmmEnglish.

嘿，我是 Emma，欢迎来到美味英语频道！欢迎参加另一堂美味英语的英语语法课。

We"re going to continue exploring conditionals which are one of the most interesting and exciting grammar structures in English, I think so. This video today is going to help you to expand your understanding of the first and the second conditionals in English.

我们将继续探索条件句，这是最有趣的，也是最令人兴奋的英语语法结构之一，我想是的。今天的视频将帮助你扩展你对英文中的第一和第二条件句的理解。

I think you already know the basics, especially if you"re a subscriber because you would have seen all of my lessons about conditionals, all of the links are in the description below but today we"re going to go a little deeper on the first and the second conditional. I"m going to give you lots of examples to help you understand when to use the first and when to use the second.

我认为你应该已经了解基本知识，尤其是你订阅了我的频道，因为你可能已经看到了我所有的关于条件的课程，所有链接都在下面的描述中，但是今天我们要更深入一点地了解第一和第二条件句。我会给大家很多例子来帮助大家了解何时使用第一和第二条件句。

Plus I"ll also be talking about how to use conditionals without "if", which is pretty shocking, I know because "if" is the star of conditional sentences, you know. But actually, you can use other words in place of "if" as well so I"m going to go through all of that right here during this lesson.

另外，我还将谈论如何在没有“if”的情况下使用条件句，我知道这很令人震惊，因为“if”是条件句的重要标志。但实际上，你可以使用其他单词代替“if”，所以我会在本节课程中说说所有的这些。

Okay let"s do a quick check together before we get started. You know there are five different types of conditional sentences, you know that the basic form of all of these sentences is the same, right?

好吧，在我们开始之前，让我们一起快速检查一下吧。你知道有五种不同类型的条件句，你知道所有这些句子的基本形式是一样的，对吧？

We have an "if" clause and a main clause. And the things that are different about these five types of conditional sentences relate to time and also to verb tense.

有一个“if”子句和一个主句。这五种类型条件句的不同之处是时间以及动词时态。

Now if you don"t know any of these things don"t worry about it but I do recommend that you check out this lesson up here. It"s an overview of conditional sentences, it might help to jog your memory and get you thinking correctly about conditional sentences before we get started here.

如果你还不了解这些，不用担心，但是我建议你参考一下这节课程。这是一节条件语的概述，这可能有助于在我们开始之前，唤醒你的记忆，让你正确地了解条件句。

So I want you to tell me. What"s the difference between the first conditional and the second conditional?

所以我想让你告诉我。第一条件句和第二条件句之前有什么区别呢？

So the best way to think about it is the first conditional is real. We use it to talk about things that are possible in the future and there"s a likely chance of it happening.

最好的方法是去想，第一条件句是真实的情况。我们用它来谈论将来可能发生的事情，它有机会发生。

So to make the first conditional, it"s simple. We use the present simple verb in our "if" clause and we use the future tense "will" in our main clause so we use "will" along with a bare infinitive verb.

因此，造一个第一条件句的话，是比较简单的。我们在“if”子句中使用简单的一般现在时动词，在主句中使用将来时“will”，所以就是“will”加一个不定式动词。

If I miss the bus, I will take a taxi. If they lose the game, they won"t go to the finals.

如果我错过了公共汽车，我就会打车。如果他们输了比赛，他们就不会进入决赛。

If you get too close to the flames you"ll get burned. So notice that with all of these examples, these are real.

如果你离火焰太近，你会被烧死的。因此请注意，在所有这些例子中，这些是真实的情况。

They are possible and they"re likely to happen in the future. Now when we move to the second conditional, we actually have to leave the real world, the actual world behind us.

它们是可能发生的，而且将来可能会发生。现在，当我们转到第二条件句时，我们实际上必须抛开现实世界。

Because although there is a possibility of the result happening, when we use the second conditional, it tells us that the action is quite unlikely so it"s often called the unreal tense.

So we use the second conditional to talk about imaginary situations in the present so these are unreal situations.

因为尽管有结果可能会有机会发生，但是当我们使用第二条件句时，它告诉我们这个行为不太可能，所以通常被称为虚拟时态。所以我们用第二条件句来谈论目前的虚构情况，所以这是是不真实的情况。

We also use it to talk about unlikely future outcomes as well. So it looks like "if" and the past simple in our "if" clause and then "would" with the bare infinitive verb following in our main clause.

我们也用它来谈论不可能的未来的结果。因此，它的形式就是“if”加一般过去时，而在主句中使用“would”和动词的不定式形式。

If I missed the bus, I would take a taxi. If they lost the game, they wouldn"t go to the finals.

如果我错过了公共汽车，我就会打车。如果他们输掉了比赛，他们就不会进入决赛。

If you got too close to the flames, you"d get burned. Wait a second.

如果你离火焰太近，你就会被烧死的。等一下。

These examples look pretty similar to the first conditional examples right? So with just a couple of little edits, we have subtly changed these results to seem less likely.

这些例子看起来与第一条件句的示例非常相似吧？因此，只需进行一点点修改，我们已经巧妙地改变了这些结果，让它们看起来不太可能。

Suddenly we"ve got a set of hypothetical or imaginary situations and their results but those results are unlikely to actually happen right??Such is the second conditional.

突然之间，我们就有了一组假设或虚构的情况及其结果，但那些结果实际上不太可能发生，对吧？这是第二条件句。

Many ideas can be correctly expressed in English using both the first and the second conditional sentence structure but each type of sentence changes the meaning noticeably so you really need to be careful about which type of sentence structure you"re using. You"ve got to carefully choose.

在英语中，很多想法都可以被第一和第二条件句正确地表达，但是每种类型的句子都会明显地改变意思，所以你需要小心地注意你到底使用的是哪种类型的句子结构。你必须仔细选择。

So let"s look at a couple of examples to help you out. So we"ve got

我们看一些例子帮助你理解吧。所以我们有：

If I miss the bus, I will take a taxi. If I missed the bus, I would take a taxi.

如果我错过了公共汽车，我会打车。如果我错过了公共汽车的话，我会打车的。

Now in the first example, this is real and possible. It"s based on an actual situation.

在第一个例子中，这是真实的，并且是可能的。它是基于实际情况的。

Just imagine that you are walking down the street quite quickly towards the bus stop because it"s actually the exact time that the bus is supposed to arrive and there is a chance it"s pulling up at the bus stop right now. You"re hoping that it"s not because you"re going to be late otherwise right?

试想你正在街上朝着公共汽车站很快地走着，因为实际上是巴士应该到达的时间，现在巴士有可能正在停车点停着呢。你希望不是这样子，因为否则你就要迟到了，对吧？

You still want to make it to work on time. But in your head, as you"re walking you"re coming up with a backup plan, right, a plan B.

你仍然希望能够按时到达工作的地方。但是当你走路时，在你的脑海中出现了一个备份计划，对了，计划 B。

Here"s what you"re going to do. If I miss the bus, I will take a taxi.

这就是你要做的。如果我错过了公共汽车，我会打车。

So this situation is based on a real-life scenario right. Something that is likely to happen.

因此，这种情况是基于现实生活中的情境。可能会发生的事情。

There"s a good chance that that bus has already come to the bus stop and you"re not there. But the second example in the second conditional, totally imaginary.

那辆车很有可能已经到了公共汽车站，而你不在那儿。但是第二个例子中的第二条件句是完全虚构的。

Maybe I"ve got no plans at all to take the bus, maybe I don"t even take the bus to work. Or perhaps I"m extremely punctual.

也许我根本没有计划搭公交车，也许我甚至都不会坐公交车去上班。也许我非常守时。

I"m almost never late to the bus. But for whatever reason, this thing, the outcome, is very unlikely to happen and we know that because we"re using the second conditional.

我几乎从来不会赶公交车迟到。但是无论出于何种原因，这件事的结果都是不太可能发生，我们知道是因为我们正在使用第二条件句。

So you can see how powerful this decision is right? The grammar structure that you choose influences the meaning of your sentence.

因此，你可以看到这个决定有多强大，对吗？你选择的语法结构会影响你句子的意思。

Let"s do a few more examples together just to make sure you"ve got it. If I run out of butter, I"ll just use oil.

让我们一起看看更多的例子，保证你已经完全掌握了吧。如果黄油用完了，我就会用油。

So again imagine, imagine that you"re baking and there isn"t much butter left. You can"t be bothered going to the shops so I"ve got a plan.

同样地，想象一下，想象你正在烘焙，但是没剩多少黄油了。你不想去商场，所以我有个计划。

If I run out of butter, I know what I"m going to do and this is a likely event right. If I ran out of butter, I"d just use oil.

如果黄油用完了，我知道我要做什么，这很可能会发生，对吧？如果我用完黄油，我就会用油。

Now this is a hypothetical situation. I"m not talking about a specific baking event that"s happening now.

这是一个假设的情况。我不是在说特定的、现在正在进行的烘焙。

I"m just talking about what I would hypothetically do if this ever happened to me while I was baking. I could be giving advice to someone who"s asking.

我只是再说如果我在烘焙的时候，发生了这种事情的话我会怎么办。我可能会向正在询问的人提供建议。

If I ran out of butter, I"d just use oil. You won"t notice the difference.

如果我用完黄油，我就会使用油。你不会注意到其中的区别。

If she finds a dog on the street, she"ll adopt it. She loves dogs, right?

如果她在大街上发现一条狗的话，就会收养它。她爱狗，对吗？

She has plans to adopt a dog. In fact, she"s looking for a dog and there are lots of street dogs in her area.

她计划收养一条狗。实际上，她在寻找狗狗，在她附近有很多流浪狗。

So it"s quite likely that if she finds a dog on the street that doesn"t have a home, it"s quite likely that she"ll adopt it. If she found a dog on the street, she"d adopt it.

所以很可能她在街上找到一条无家可归的狗，就会去收养它。如果她在大街上发现了一条狗的话，她就会收养它。

So again, she loves dogs. Perhaps there"s actually not many street dogs in her area which makes the outcome quite unlikely right?

同样的，她爱狗。也许实际上她所在的地区没有很多流浪狗，所以这使得结果不太可能是吧？

If she were taller, she would play basketball. Okay so this is the second conditional right and she"s imagining what she would do if she had been born taller but she wasn"t right?

如果她更高的话，她就会打篮球。好吧，这是第二条件句，她在想如果她长得再高一点她会怎么样，但是她并不高，对吧？

She can"t change her height. So this situation has to be unreal.

她不能改变她的高度。因此，这种情况肯定是虚构的。

So for that reason, be careful because we can"t write a version of this in the first conditional. There isn"t a likely chance or a likely outcome where this would happen right?

所以因为那个原因，一定要小心哦，因为我们不能用第一条件句来描述这种情况。这件事情不可能发生，对吧？

She can"t change the way that she is however we can make a couple of changes to make it possible. We can say you know if we"re talking about a child who is still growing then it"s possible right but we might have to change the verb and say:

她无法改变自己，然而我们可以进行一些改变以使其成为可能。我们可以说，如果我们说的是还在生长的孩子的话，那么就是有可能的，但我们可以改变动词，这样说：

If she grows taller, she will play basketball. It"s really important to keep in mind that many ideas can be expressed in the first or the second conditional depending on whether they"re real or imaginary.

如果她再长高点的话，她就会打篮球。记住很多想法可以用第一或第二条件句来进行表达，取决于它们是真实的还是虚构的。

But not all ideas can be expressed in both tenses right so be careful about that. Real versus imaginary.

但是并不是所有的想法都可以用这两个时态进行表达，所以一定要小心。真实与虚构。

Hopefully, you"re starting to feel pretty good about the difference between the first and the second conditional right? But I"ve got one extra thing that I want you to keep in mind.

希望大家对第一和第二条件句之间的区别觉得得心应手了。但是还有另外一件事情，我想让大家牢牢记住。

So take a look at this sentence here. Is it a conditional sentence?

看看这句话。这是个条件句吗？

It has two clauses. It has a present tense verb in the first clause.

它有两个句子。在第一个句子中有一个现在时动词。

It has "will" and the base verb in the main clause but it doesn"t have the word "if". It actually doesn"t matter.

主句中有一个“will”和动词原形，但是没有“if”。其实没关系。

This sentence is still a conditional sentence. A first conditional sentence and there are a couple of very specific words that you can use to replace "if" in the first and also the second conditional sentence structure.

这句话仍然是条件句。这是个第一条件句，有两个特定的词大家可以使用在第一和第二条件句中替代“if”。

It"s still a conditional sentence but the word that you choose, of course, has the ability to change the meaning of your sentence slightly. Unless it rains soon, the lake will dry up.

这还是条件句，但是当然了，你选择的词汇可能会细微地改变你的句子的意思。除非马上下雨的话，湖就会干涸。

Or if it rains soon, the lake won"t dry up. Both of these sentences are okay.

如果马上下雨的话，湖就不会干涸。这两个句子都可以。

They"re great but of course, the change affects the meaning of our sentence slightly. So we need to be aware of that.

它们都很棒，但是当然，变化会细微地改变我们的句子的意思。因此，我们需要意识到这一点。

So you can definitely replace "if" with the word "unless" but the meaning is slightly different. It means if not or except if.

你可以使用“unless”来替代“if”，但含义略有不同。这意味着如果没有，或除非的意思。

And you can use "unless" in the first and the second conditional sentence structure but it can"t be used to talk about past situations that can"t be changed right so you can"t use "unless" in the third conditional sentence structure for example. Check out some examples.

你可以在第一条件句和第二条件句结构中使用“除非”，但它不能用来谈论不能改变的过去的情况，所以你不能在第三种条件句中使用“除非”。看看一些例子吧。

Unless she apologises, I will not forgive her. Unless it gets below zero degrees the water won"t freeze

除非她道歉，否则我不会原谅她。除非温度低于零度，否则水不会冻结。

Unless they fired me, I wouldn"t leave the company. Besides "unless" and "if" we can also use "as long as" which is really, really useful if you want to set a limit or a condition on the expression.

除非他们解雇我，否则我不会离开公司。除了“除非”和“如果”，我们还可以使用“只要”，如果你想给这个表达加上一个限制或者是条件的话是非常有用的。

So this is like saying if and only if the condition happens so if the condition doesn"t happen then the result is not possible or it"s not allowed. "As long as" is usually used with the first conditional because it"s used when the result is expected.

所以这就像说，当且仅当这个条件发生时，所以如果这个条件没有发生，则结果是不可能的或是不允许的。“只要”通常与第一条件句一起使用，因为它是在结果是在预期之中的时候使用。

As long as I get time off work, I"ll come for a visit. As long as it"s not too crowded, we"ll stay for dinner.

只要我工作有休息的话，我就会来拜访的。只要不是很拥挤，我们就会留下来吃晚餐。

As long as he finishes his homework, he"ll join you at the skate park. Great work! We"re almost done, we"ve got one more option to replace "if" with and that is using "supposing" or "supposing that".

他只要完成作业，会和你一起去滑板公园。真不错！我们快完成了，我们还有一个选择来替换“if”，那就是使用“suppose”或“supposing that”。

So using "supposing that" helps the listener to imagine a situation so it"s really similar to using "if" but just with a bit of extra command to really tell the listener that you want them to imagine, turn on their imagination.

Now it can be used in either the first or the second conditional but it"s much more comfortable in the second conditional for sure because you"re imagining right.

因此，使用“supposing that”可以帮助听话人想象这样一种情况，它与使用“if”非常相似，但是加上了一点额外的命令，告诉听话者你希望他们进行想象，打开他们的想象力。它可以在第一或第二条件句中使用，但是在第二条件句中要更自然一些，因为你在进行想象，对吧。

Supposing I can change my flight, I"ll come a few days earlier. Supposing you got a huge Christmas bonus, would you go on a holiday?

假设我可以更改航班，我就会提前几天来。假设你获得了丰厚的圣诞节奖金，你会去度假吗？

So conditionals can be quite cool really, you can tweak and you can change them to help add extra layers of meaning in your sentence and the best way to become familiar with conditional sentences is to start writing them and to start experimenting with them and right now we"re going to jump into a really quick quiz to help you put what you learned here today into action.

So I"m going to give you a few different situations and you"re going to decide which conditional sentence is the best one for you to use.

因此，条件句确实可以很酷，你可以进行小小的调整，你可以改变它们，给句子增加额外的意思，熟悉条件句最好的方式就是开始造句，开始尝试，那么现在我们就要进入一个快速测验，帮助大家将今天学到的知识付诸实践。我要给你一些不同的情况，然后你要决定哪个条件句是你的最佳选择。

So I want you to write your answers down in the comments below so that I can come down and I can check them for you and if you"re feeling up to it, try and experiment a little with "if". Perhaps you can use one of the other words or expressions that we practised.

所以我想让大家在下面的评论中写下答案，这样我就可以帮大家检查一下，如果愿意的话，尝试并尝试试验一下“if”。也许你可以使用其他的我们练习过的词语或表达。

As long as, unless. Right so here"s a situation.

只要，除非。是的，这是一种情况。

It"s my friend"s birthday next week. I want to get her a present and I always forget things like birthdays and she always gets quite upset when I forget things.

下周是我朋友的生日。我想给她一份礼物，我总是会忘记事情，比如说生日，而当我忘记事情的时候，她总是会很不开心。

So in the quiz, I"d ask you to pause the video just for a second to think about the situation but let"s just do this one together. So this situation is pretty real, right?

在小测验中，我想请大家暂停视频，花点时间想一想这种情况，但让我们一起来做这个吧。所以这种情况是真的，对吗？

There"s a birthday plan next week. It"s coming up soon. I also know that there"s a pretty high chance I"ll forget to buy a present because it"s a really bad habit of mine.

下周有个生日。很快就到了。我也知道很有可能我会忘记买礼物的，因为那是确实是我的一个坏习惯。

You can"t really say that this situation is hypothetical, can you? There"s a high probability that it will happen.

你不能说这种情况是假设的，对吧？这很有可能会发生。

So I think we need to use the first conditional so a good sentence would be: If I forget to buy my friend a birthday present, she will be upset.

所以我认为我们需要使用第一条件句，所以一个不错的句子可以是：如果我忘记给朋友买生日礼物的话，她会不高兴的。

See that wasn"t so hard was it? Now it"s your turn. Situation one.

看到了吧，并不难吧？现在轮到你了。情况一。

You"re dreaming about buying a new car. The car you want is expensive.

你梦想着要买一辆新车。你想买的车很贵。

A promotion at work would help you to be able to afford it. Nobody at work has talked about the possibility of a promotion.

如果升个职的话，就能买得起了。但是没人说过升职的事情。

You"re just dreaming it. So pause the video and write your sentence.

你只是在做梦罢了。暂停视频，写下你的句子。

Situation two. You"re deciding what to cook for dinner.

情况二。你正在决定晚餐做什么吃。

Someone suggests making a spicy dish. You know that your child hates spicy food, there"s no possibility that your child is gonna eat something spicy.

有人建议做一道辣一点的菜。你知道你的孩子讨厌辛辣的食物，你的孩子不可能想吃辣的。

Again, pause the video, write your sentence. Situation three.

同样的，暂停视频，写下句子。情况三。

A friend asked you to take care of their dog while they"re on holidays. You would feel horrible if the dog ran away.

一位朋友想让你在他们度假的时候帮忙照顾他们的狗。如果狗跑掉的话，你会感到非常恐惧。

You know that it probably won"t happen but you ask your friend to imagine that possibility anyway. Situation four.

你知道这可能不会发生，但是你让你的朋友想象一下这种情况。情况四。

You love coffee so much. You imagine what would happen if you ran out of coffee.

你非常爱咖啡。你想像如果咖啡用完了会发生什么。

Luckily you know that would never actually happen. Awesome work gang!

幸运的是，你知道那将永远不会发生。做得很好！

I"m so proud of you for sticking with me all the way through to the end and for putting everything that you learned into practice right. It"s the best way to make it stick and if this lesson was really useful for you, then share it with one of your friends who also needs to improve their English grammar.

我为大家一路坚持到最后，把你学习的一切付诸实践而感到骄傲。这是让它坚持下去的最好方法，如果这节课对你真的有用的话，那么就和需要提升他们的英语的朋友分享一下吧。

I"m here to help right, I"ve got new lessons here every week. Make sure you subscribe, turn on notifications so that you know when there"s a new English lesson here waiting for you and if you want to request a new English lesson from me, you are more than welcome to.

我就是来帮助大家的，这里每周都会有新课程发布。一定要订阅哦，打开通知，这样有新的课程在等待你的时候就可以知道啦，如果你想参加我的新英语课的话，非常欢迎哦。

Ask me down in the comments below and then maybe think about coming and joining me here in this lesson. I"ll see you in there!

在下面的评论中问我问题，也许可以加入本课。再见！